һ 
1942졣 
ȫ濹սѹȥ 5ͷһ꣬ձȡȺռ
ս۵ȫʤ̫ƽսۺ״;ս۵ĲҰܣ
˫̫ƽϵĵսŸոĻȻʮ
ʡŷսյ˹ָյȵؼսսĹ
ɱҲȻڼ 
йս ݴս̫ԭսȴսվƼ
γɳս֮˫롸սֽ׶Ρ
ԣҷƲֹۣȫڿսǰѾռ죬ս
ƽϺϾ͹ݵȴҲ䡣񵳵սҪ
ԼԶսڹïĻͻȵǹĵ
ݵأںҲչĽ 
Ǳ˾ȥͳѵġ˽꣬Ҿ18ˣһս
ƵԵ֪ҵʵСˣΪǰкܶཫʿ
ûҴ֮ǰȥѵಢûִ 
õļͥʹҵθߴ˧ȻʳҲ
ǿǡȻͬ·ߵؤڵƶ񣬵޷
ıʲôһ˥ܵĹҺᣬĲֻǰʿп
ĵͲũ񡣵˻ΪһٷżʱȴڳŸճ¯
ŽڵĺƣҾ˾ͳĴԱǹίԱ 
õļͥȻҲõĽҲʹȾ
ĳɼϺѧ̰࣬ϺǰϦҸжˣ
սϾΣǾټǨ졣õѧϰɼʹõ
бҵ֤֮ǰͱҹϵ͵ѧϲѧרҵ
㷨͵ȷ棬͹ѧȷҲԡ 
սӰµѧУǺܹ淶Ȩ󸻼ӵð£һֿ
ҲսӰ죬֪кܶѧձҵȥͶսһ
׵ʱõѧУĽҵ֤顣 
벻ΪʲôӦ˾ˣͬȥͳѶѧϰġҲϲ
ǵλҲҲ롣˾˿ధ裬˵
ҪɩӻǱã費ֻôӦֻ֪
ԷݺһҪ˾ҪС 
ѵʮڶıҵĳɼ˳ҵ;˾
ˡ˾һֱܸɡʵ˾ҽʱҲû
ҪѧԼֻʵĳЩ飬ȻҲ
֪ĿģȻˣҲʧ 
˾һֱ˵֮Ҫѧ㱾£
ȻżҳԿбԹԴ˱ʾͬȻʵҲ
Եͷо˾˵رգЩ̹ٶһãûܵʲôŰ
ǻϸҪԼԷ±ֻ㡣 
ѵڵܸӽ˶ø񶷣ǹ֧е
죬֮ǰѧϰĴԣһЩļҲѾ
ܹžͨ 
ҵļ󣬾˾˾ʹȥͳѶԼû
зԡ 
ѵľ˽ͳ;ͳһЩǶ֯
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ͳĵλҪھͳǵĹͬ㶼ɱ顣 
ҺЩģȻҲҵ֪Ҳһ
ѪĹ֡Ҿ˾Ҳ֪еգҹֻһЩ
顣 
Ҳ֪طĴڣĳǵء˾һ
·ܺãųң˺ܶ࣬˵ҪҸؼҡ..
һγᣬ࣬ڵյͳǸ 
Ҷ˾ʵðܲĳֽ
̵Ŀȣ¿ƺȼͥҪɱ飬ǹ
ձˣ˲˵ģ÷ѣ
Զ֮ 
Ҳҵһμɡ 
һǳɫĿ T϶ɫĿһ
ɫ磬ǰĽӿ㡣ȻѾ죬
ãѾĨԵķǳྻǰˣ
أ˽ŮŮ֮䣬ݾ¡ҿʵ䡣 
һͷںڳӶɢǰλ߷ֿøס
һԷز 毺ãüһ˫˫ƤЦһ
ÿľѡܾһʣ¶ƴҹ
ǧС㡣ʶ˵֪ˣҶĵһӡ󡣵Ϊλ
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⻨һӣݷϤиУû뵽ɭϵĵ
ôƯһŮˡһֶ֣е뵽˷
˻𣬴Ұԡ 
һ̣ȻĶҳĵһΪ֮ĶŮˡ
ҺûϲĳŮӣΪҵıвŮĶ˼
ǵĿĶԣ׸ƶѣҲƺ
ûܹҵĵط 
ҽҷǳϲͱ˵Լֿ֣Ʋš
ģ벻ף˷ѽ⡣ 
϶ֹһεʹΪʲôҪ֡϶Ƕһ
ľɾˣ1927ʱݸΪһ
رĴԱɱʱԹͬģʯų
תӽϵսٶȳɽ ϶֮ǸԿʵ
ߣǸߣʵŪôΪĻ֮ 
ܶ࣬϶Ĺϵ˵үȴĵ
˴˿˳ۣһͬȾƣһ졣ѽǶɾˣü򵥣
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ȥֻ֣ͬǿһ۱ʾ֪ˣûҡ
ϧ壡ҲΪǹ񵳣ҲΪôҪĹ
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Ѷ̨ʵ籨ȫǵ¹죬ڴսǰһ
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쵼ӣ˫鱨Эսз籨 
ռز󣬴ſн䱸ɭϵʿأҪ֤ͨ
ͨĵСóɽڰɽϵģͨңң
ңϢңҡٲȻһȫĻ 
˾ĸˣÿҪ鱨ϻ㱨Ҳ֪˾
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ҳӣ1900͵ܵ࣬
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1924꣬ȫضܵݸݵصĽ˼Ӱ죬
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괺죬ڱָ£ʡѲʹҪѲӶ죬ľ
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ҳ͢ϾɸʱǹһѾµ
ǹɫСʱͼ״Ӿҵũ
Լ͵˽ǵӵھǰǹʽġ 
Ѳʹִ꣬ﾯɭϣ˵׼һͬμӻӭѲ
ʹû硭ֲǹ߻д̼ƻӵԴй¶ǰݡ 
齳ʵ׳ܵũʶܸͬģ
ԭʵͬѧҲǽʯ顣ʶΪǸ
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ʼ޷ͽϵȻһ 
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ﻹ⼸ˡֶͳӰ˾˿ʼҽЩˣǽ
ҡ 
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ŰͽζһǮеλйϵðµᣬ
ֻôܾܵȥҶԴ˾޷ͷƺҲ
Ϊ⣬ҲѾϰˡ 
 1ţòʾһҪĸŮ
ĺһ˫ĵ۱̴档 2ţ
С꣬˴ĺʱ֣ŨױĨǸռдз籨
ԱоҲ毺ã˾˽ʱ
ζĿңʱ¶΢Ц 
һ飬Ժ̽Ҽеľ
˲˵ˣΪʲôҪֱ͸¶ǵĹϵҪ
ҪҶӹաҲ˵롣 
ҺʵĹϵеĿһۣת˹ȥ 
ϣԭһô˧Ҹʰӡ
Ůˣ˵žڵʰҿɣ鳤
ߣ㹤 
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ϣֲ֪òðæĬϵԱߵλ
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չȻȥ㱨ɡ 
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ԡͬ־˵ĳƺе㲻ˣɫã
æĿڣ˵Сͬ־˼ǱߵĽзĻ
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šǽ̹ٿϽ̹ĶڼԭߵźŴ޷ֺ
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˳ﲻͬӢĸֺͱŵȡ 
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̹ٵĽѧһͣԺ﷭ÿӢĸ̶
Ī˹绰ķշͿԻԭģġûģ
˲ʺϾã˾ҪܡԭϣһЩԼ
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СҲѧˡ̫֮ƽϳ˴籨뻻һαһ
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ԼҰĴǿͧΧܿûڳûصˮֻ50ף
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뱾ձܱУϤվ;սͼͱ
ҲΪ鱨ֵġAF롹ӶƱձ
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ʲôã԰̡ҵĽΧ顣Ҳ
ԹУż꣬ǰһٰܣʧƬڵ
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ƺԸ;˾һ飬ǰʻλãҡ³
⿴ܿ毺õģȫӡ 
һ·Ͼ˾һֱŻ˵ǲһûһĻش
Ը;˾˶˵ 
괦ĲԶĵط˽Ӧòͨķ꣬
˾˵ԱĴкӭһѾ׼˵ķ䡣 
ΪҲϲԵĲϵʽĲһ
Ҫһƿƣǩ˵ʵĿǰٷ
ԵЩݳޡ 
Ծ˾˵нˮҲȫ𣬺οĵλҲ϶
 
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Ըġֻһֱм䲻ϵЭ˵Żǲ
Щһֱ˾˾ƣҺ˲١ 
⼸Ů֮䣬˴ȴûôͬΪıɣ֮ĶԹ
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ҲأҵȻϣᡣ 
극ʱѾһӣΪǵһ칤˾Ҫ
ˣһȥ㱨ҵȻֽǻȥ
ԼӦûбҪ 
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صֻѺүڼң軹ûл 
ȥү˵Ự÷Ҳڡ 
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ȥһ죬֪Щʲô÷ѵĻ 
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ҺС˵˻ỰȻͳˡ¥ҪԼ
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ְֶҲ͵ģȴһֱһ̬ȡĶ
Ϊѡѡ鶼һģҪһ˴ĵͬ;
ӰѳɳѡȨԼһֱ
ĬĬעȴ 
費Ը϶˵ĻҲһһεģЩ
ҪԼȥ⡣ 
Ķʼǲܾ̬ȣһ黳
ɬĴк 
侲˼һУԼԼѡ񡣲
ܵʱ˲Ϣ䣬̨˶ûһУƿһУ
ֻǹЮеһŮˡѡѧԶ磬Ȼһص
ҪõĽȻ 
֪ѧľ 
ϢĶʱû뵽Ķսϴ
ʹ࣬ĶҲȻ˸ı䣬ʱˣЩ£Щ˲ܿȣ
ҪϵĶܵϸܵչˣĶϲ˵ݣ
 
Ҫ̸ȴû뵽ȴҪԶˡ˵ȵҪʧȥʱ
ϧӵУĶԼһֱѶϣǱʶҲΪϣ
˱ַ֮꣬ɶĸıҲδڣŻᷢôƢ 
ĶķʼδĻĶģ֮ʣĶ
ŹУϲ͸Ķĸ
ĶϲشϣȻ֪Զ壬Ͳ˵Ǿ䣬
ҡ 
ڼ䣬ǵĻĶһʱĶдţţ
Գ. 
Ļûм˵꣬תˡڷʲô
һᣬֳˣһ 
Զԭ̵ģְֽҵġ˵
ŪˣһֱûдŪˣԾͱˡ̯
ʾҿһ 
һɫĶʵϸ壬Ӽ۸Ӧòƣ
׼ȻܳѧҾһҲ 
ƷǲһģЩοԵǶȴֻܹ
˫ɶԣǹһֱġңͳĹοԽŮ
ԵչֳԢֻһβܹԲɼ̽
Զ͸Ƿ͸ϱļױ 
ҲˣԶͽ㱣ܰɡҸſһᣬȻ
轫Զݸ˵ 
û뵽æƾݣôУǰְġ
ҲҪ˵һкҪʲô 
ⱾġҲš֪ĸΪʲôҪһ
 
˵㲻ǵŮ̴㸸һ
ٴ㡭Ҳˣûãȥˡ
Ҫ 
˵ĺҲЩүү͸̵Ķ֮͸ĸףȻ
ңҪ͸˭أҲ֪ýӻǲýӡ 
⣬ϣɼңֻҪܽҸĳɼҵ
..Ҳûй㸸ס..һԥȰҪ
£ֻ˵껰˶Ȼˡ 
ҰΪĸ׶Զӵֻ֮£ȻһûãҪ
Ҫˡлл裬һṼ.ȢһƯĶ
ϱؼҡ 
ɵ֪ƯƯ..ȢϱʱԵú
ģֻҪܺúõġһ¶ĸԵһ档 
ܰʲôʱҲĸ׵ġ 
ǺǣС..ˣͷʹ𡣡 
żɣ裬ô°Լ벻ʲôʱ
ʼģҲǴӼʱʹ˰ɡ 
Сʱ򰡡 
ˮźˡϴ˯ˡ÷ѵĳִ˵
ʱ䲻ˣҲҪȥϢˡ 
ͷٺ˵ɡȥϴҲϢ 
ҵһ֪׺ĸ׵Ĺ¡ȻмѶң
Ը׵Ļ䣬ܾǹôġĻƺ
ڹʲôȻ˰ְ֣Ǻ϶ôء
©ʱߣʲôʱְֵģʲôʱҵģʲ
ôʱѧģ 
ĶҰְ֣ΪʲôҪգаְȥˣҲǹ
ҵһη֣ĸԭҲİһ棬ڰְֺ̫
δ֪Ҫȥ˽⡣ 
ҹˣҲˣЩ˯ȥ 
 
ԣ豧㡣ϲЦ⴫Զ,Ů
˵˵ܿģЦҸŮ߽ȴ 
Ůߵǰϸĵ˫ְұڻ˫΢
ҡӤһҡޡһǶˣι㡣˵Ůһ
ֻȥǰ¡Ů洩һ£ڱϵһֹ
֯£һɫסŮԼĪ 165һͷڷ
䣬òڣ̬ϸΪڲڣŮ˱£
ԲһͦεŮɽ壬һֱңһЩ
£·¶صİ⡣ 
ŶԶӣ˰ɡ..̣ι̳ԡ˵Сĵİ
ԴǰȥҺ׵󣬲һҵͱһ
ΧӤ̵ĶӦıܣһʱȴûҵͷ
ֻȥਵʱ˵ЦҵĶ
һֻסͷҵ 
زͦκÿˣͷ˫ܵҧ
ݲСͷ 
ҧסͷŶĽһСԣôС
֪ҧͷ¡ŪˡŮ˵öм
á.. 
ӴѾˣ۾˼ͣ
̫ˣǰûгֹһУӤ״Ҫ̡
ιҳֱ̺˵һЩȻĶ˯
ڹСʼտǸŮ˵ȷǸҽӵ
裬ڵĸ 
ĸ׵ûϸȵȣŮ˵ô.Һ
ʲôһɻҸϽԼԴʲôأ
ôܣֻһĵξˡ 
緹ˣԷˡ÷ѵʱ
Ĵҵĺ˼롣ҡҡͷֻһֵΣ·Ҵ
˳ 
ѾڳԷˣ־ҵִٵˡ÷ֻص
æˣүڴϣˣӶ÷չˣû
С̣ӦҲ˯ҪôȥѧУˡ 
迴˳ѽҪʱϰ࣬ڿս
ֹۣǵĹܽҪ˵ֿ˿ңҾƺã
ʵ,û˯޾ɵġ 
ǡһΡϴȥĻشš 
ôˣʲôΣ˵ 
εСʱ󳪶˯Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôһ仰 
Ŷ𡣡˵ųһһࡣ˵Ų
㳪ˣǶǳСŮ˲ȥ顣ǻѾ˹
ʱгĶǴ򵹾ĸȻҲĸһ
Ҳᳪˡ 
˶һ£跢ҵûٻش裬ֱ߽
ϴԡϴҴˮͷſ˫ֲͣˮϳ壬ˮ
ϣࡣֻһΣ豾ûҳ裬Ҳû
ʲôֵġ 
ҳʱѾˣעʱٵȻ˵
ȥ￴ƽʱЩʲô˵ֲһĹ
طܺϣҲ 
ɻЦ˵İɣǵĹأ
ķ˵š 
˾æŹûлԼһȥѶҽȥ
ʱû뵽Ǽ˶ѾˣһҺǴк 
硣 
ע⵽ҵ㿴ûþͳٵˣ㿴˼
һŮӣ硣ҲҪңֻǻȿ˵
 
Щ˼ĵͷȻ󿴵ֶƲƲ죬Ϊҳٵˣ
е㲻м 
ʵҲܼ򵥣ֶ̨
ĵ籨¼ֶ𲢲ǳפһֻһЩ̶ʱȥһ£
һֱҪǷԱæʱ
ҲתΪ 
ֶһǸ룬ȫҪڸڵķ
ﻹһЩר˸룬ֻһЩȽҪĵ籨Źʡ 
񵳵һȱݾǹϵȽ϶࣬µǵλµˣ
빤롣ֶЩ£Ҳ֪ǰʲô
ģ 
ҵĹˣˣǾ˾ģҵǳ
зˡдõĵ籨ȻҪĳ̶ȣ
ЩҪ͵ڷ 
żеʱ˵һЩԵ£ʱ
ϼ䣬ҶԴ˲Ȥһеģ岻ϻҲ˵
֪֮ĸһͦģڲΪ˶Ըһͬĵ˲ߵһ
Ȼϲ฾ż˵Ҳա 
ǻ˵ߵˮһƿˮҵҪڣ
ΪûʲôҪ˾͸ȣ˸еķȡ 
ұֻæŹһȲɡ˵һֻȥֶı
ӡ 
ԼɡҪܾҵĺ⣬Ҳñӣҵ̯
סӵģҵָ֣ҵֱСϸۣк
ʹеϵڴҵıϢ 
һûӦҵĺʹ壵ı¶һЩ滺
˼֡ 
Сʲôʱѧῴ²ˡ˼ҳƯ͸˼ҵˮ
ǵأ 
˵ʹ΢ɲһ¡ 
С˵ȥ˵ˮˣȻ˳
ҲˮǳӰλÿǲ鳤
ӵݵҽӹϵˮȻվµݻȥ
λԱߣݱӸպÿԿ 
Բ𪣬ޣҲȷǷױʱһ˫
۾ϵֽ˼޻ԹաҿЩ
ԣûзֳӰӱӣʧصĽһЩˮʪ˼ҳ
ĵ籨һЩ˳·ϡ 
ķӦܿ죬һվҲʧлعҪˮ
һִ򿪡ˮôСġ鱨ĲܴĴ⡭
ŵ籨õġʼҡ 
˼Ҳǹġûңȥøëˮ
ˮࡣ 
ͽ͵ʴסֻЦ 
ǣǡǰġ˻ϻӡ 
ҲǺ⣬ֻǲСĶҶ¡
˵˾乫 
ϣ㻹Χƽʱġӻ 
òǿС˰ɡ˵صƲƲͣ
ҿСӿܶûȤŶ 
ҵĵЩ칫Ů˻⣬ЩЩ
ʱ˵ĻҲ˳Ӱ˵̳ܲ売ģҿͦ
ġ˵껹صؿ˿ҺŪЩ˼ȴ
ǲΪ⣬ûߡ 
˭˭䰡ˡ 
ûûУ˵ء˵궼죬ֻεҡ 
Ϊղŵ¡û籨ǲҵæԼͷϵĻ
ҲʶȤȻǴһϤеĸоʱ
Ǵ̵õһģҵ 
æǵģûеģǦֽĿĺһ
һʻţɢľͲС 
ʲôӣӦзͷҶǰѧУС
ķڵ·ԣÿʱҶȾϺɫʤգμʱܻ
ɢͣ˪Ҷڶ»ʫ˰ѷҶʤ
»һҲֵġĺ컨Ȼɫޣĺ
͸ΪҶӵһƮݵһ·ᱻҶ
ţһҶ 
µӺ캣صţȻʻǦ
裬һᣬͷҶͱǰѧУ
һʦѧģȻȲרҵģҲһұȽϵ
ɡ 
»ӦһλŮӡţеŮˣ
ȻûпֻƾԼ 
УҶһϮ׵޲ȹһͷϵĿ
Ůˡһ΢紵ƬƬҶڿ䣬Ů˵ȹǷ裬
ŮȥӷеһƬҶȻɣһã԰
Ҷʱ,¼硣Ů˵òʹʱĶ·Ůһʳ
˼̻ 
ʻȻþûлˣʱȴ˳֣һϳɡҪ
ʱתͷ͵͵һԱߵ˶ʱϸĹ׾
ɷǺÿˣ̧Ǧ˼ʣֻ˵Цǳǳ
..е˺ʵе˾ȻƣҪΪһ塣ò˵Ҿ
һõһˡ 
ڻʲôһֶһֶڿϵĵ
ûע⵽ҵĶҿеƷȴˡ 
㻹ử⻭ʲôҿһ
衣 
ûûʲôҲǿڻִŪ裬
æȥ 
벻㻹գ㲻ȥǿϧˡĲ羰
ҲʼңҪҹĿ࿴ 
ǵĶԻҲŮ˵ע⣬Ҳ˿⻭˭
ôе졣ò˵СӾȻⱾ£Ĳ 
ţǲҲ˹ֻǽһе㲻ʱˣ
ϵȵȡ⻭ϵŮ˻оѣô..ǡ..鳤
˵滹䡣 
ǵġֻġ鳤ˡҲ˼æϣҪ
ҵ衣 
ʵڸղţҾͷҲĴˣֻһֱû
ᵽһ衣Ȼͷһ£
춼ˣ𡣡Ȼңҷ
һ£Ҫܷ⻭ԼӦҲܸоɡ 
ҶƮʱ˵ʱ򣬵ķҶµġ..
ԣΪԼĺá˵꽫趪ҡ 
Ȼ˵Ҿеǿʶˣ˭˵Ҷ͸иˣ
Ҳ죬æϸ裬Ҫء 
Ҿ㻭ĺã鳤˵ҲеҪ´λҰɣ
ҲһšԹգЦ˵ 
ҲȷЦģץסⲻţ
Ҳþܾ˱ˣ԰ɣһĺá 
ûﲻ⡣󷽷˵ŻС̵Ըġ 
.. 
һС硣 
緹ʳԣΪǷʽط֮ͽʳã
ȣĻʳпɣÿһһܼλˣͷ׷ѡ 
ʱҲˣֶԱߣֶ;˾һ飬
ֻһԷ˶࣬λࡣֶ棬ҵĹ۲죬Ҿ
СǿǸ˾Ҫ׷Ů˱ֶˡ 
˾ûпСǳԵһ⵹Ը񡣾˾˳Է
һ˵һڶ棬ʳ˶࣬
ǺֻԼǵ 
Ȼ˵㣬ܳԱӣѾܲˡ 
ûлشԹԳԷ 
ˣ׷Ǹ鱨ôˣ˵СǱֻ뱾
ǰߴڲ 
Ǳܹĺܺã뱾ԱҲˡ֪
ЩķԱƾûַжϳԷԱ 
Ŷе㼬֡һϢ߷һԾ
̨ǳϵӦСڲԱѼ鱨Ѿ
Աȥ飬ܻҪһЩʱ䡣 
˵ɣõ뱾ȻáҪľ֡
˵ңҲҪɽȴû緢
飬һͲֻͷӵˣЩм 
˵˾˵ʱһۡ 
ÿһ鱨¹ش㲻һ޾С
Ȼ˵СӣжҺûע⵽⣬ΪҲ
Ŷʮ꣬ڼҴģȻ˾Ҳ²ʵ
ƱòһЩ಻ʮˡ 
˵ûʲôãҲ⣬Ҳֻ֣㴦һ
Щֻ..벻룬Ժһ֪ⶼΪá˾˰
˵ȴԼڹ˵仰֪ʲôأҲǾ
˶Ļ׳棬Ҳ 
Ǿ͸Գŷû˵ˣʳ½½Ҳ
ȥˡҺһվʰ;մšߵűʱ˾˲˵
һ䣬ڳ͸һЩСӵΪ˰ȫҪһЩ
ı죬Ҫѧǹֶû˵ʾԡ֮
Ǿͳʳá 
                               δ
 
Ȼҵʱѵķһշɣ
ƽʱѵżҲѶһЩѺˡѵԱһң
ǹеҩ 
һЩҪ飬Ȼʳȥˣ߳ȥʱ
ЩʧУͺԼĶһô
ǰûĸоϲһ˵ĸо
𡣼ʻ߳ԴףұԼ뷨һ 
һͳҪԱʼĴν⣬ó
ϲ 
鱨ˣͨΪҲǱ˺ϲ
ֳν˵ǡ.. 
һϸҪѧϰĵȻعʶŮⶼ
رܡ 
ҪѧϰһЩļѼ鱨Ҷβ
鱨֯鱨ܿٵشϷ壻ΰѵ˵ĸٺͶңαװ
ԼҪѧϰʹըҩͶҩνʮȫ¡ 
ȻɹĻȡ鱨ҪдͷԣҪЩԱ
ŮعǻҪѧϰһķɣʹøȵȡ첻
ڱҪʱ򣬿صĿꡣ 
⣬عҪҪѧϰͨѶȻ֪˵Щǰͻᡣ
ҪÿһعҪ൱ˮͺˮ˵
ǰ᡻⼸ʱʵıеЦ 
˵ЩһȽȫ˽⣬Ȼֻ鱨
һļ֪ЩȥжϽǷһ
ⶼΪ˰ȫǡ 
ѾźǹӦ֮ǰͱõģֻǵкǹ֧Ƿֿ
ģﻹûӵԱһӵһǹ֧һ
УзŽǹ֧ʾ 
ʵǾ˵ĺı֮һŴսĽʿаٲ
£ȻǹŴڣҪø߳ļһŬǾ
ģǰܽķɣȴߺܶ·Ȼ
Ҳǵ˲Ƶ 
һ¡˵ÿһλ 
ֶҲʾһņ֧̀һֻֿٵ𵯼װ˽ȥ
һǳɡװ굯л˫ֽӵŵĶ 
ûѧͦá..Ǳߴô꣬Щûù
ӦþСˣӵŲãײǹ߻𡣡 
˵ȥӵЩҴ±ѵǱĿհû
Σյġж£ٳӵһһ 
ֶվһҲһһĽװӵǰʹã
ֻԼϲЩ򽻵 
ǿɲУһʹǹ鱨ԱǺΣյġ.Ҫ
£ҿɵ𡣡 
һõǹҪעվˡհѡ׼ͰơҪ׼ÿһ
趼ǺҪġֶņ֣̀һϱߡͨ˵
һߡָ۾׼ǺĿͬһˮƽϡ׼ʱ
͹ߵ˫Ӱ죬ֱ׼룬Ҫ׼ĵϱԵ
еļʻߡ˵ֵһֱֶơ 
±ѵʱһָܡ׼˵ȴУΪ
ǳ׼ϣϡ˲䣬˫⣬ټ
Ӱ׵ǹڻζʹӵƫǡǣȷ
ȶͬʱֺȣ۾ʼնĿ꣬ǹ΢СĻζ
ͬʱʳָ۰ȷ佫ӵ˵꣬־
Ҫȥǹ֡ 
ˡʵĶĵ绰 
Ŷõģֶȵһ¡˵߳ݽӵ绰ȥ
ˡ 
ֹһᣬ˾ңҲ߽ѵҡ
ҪȥˣСһɡ 
ΪҲᣬҲǾұСȴ 
ôСİɣʲôᣬ¼ҲԶ๵ͨ
ͨ˵ͳȥˡ 
ֻʣҺֶǰ˾˾˵ǹļ
ܣÿһѶѧԱѧĿǰѧУһùΣ
˵Сˡ 
ǹ˶ܴ죬ȴһܴСƽʱῴ
΢΢˵ʲһֵȶҲֶͬӦ
ܺãֱƽ٣ȷǿ۰ʳָ̫Ӳˡ 
ʳָһ㡣˵ͬʱһ£һֻҪȥ
ϣûзԵ˼סֱ 
ҿϸףҵִСպס֣Ƥ
ȹ⻬ֱůů¶Ȳͣҵָ޼÷ǳƯ
Ȼ壵ָӡۣӦ֮ǰͿûмͿĨָ
״ֱСĻ꣬͸峺 
ȻֺСɺÿһе㾪ȵģͿָҵӡ
ֻʱŮɻǮ˼ҵŮʿŻɣҪôǡҺܲȥǸ
Ǹǰ΢΢ 
ǲǹǺˮޣıطӡ
ɻ󣬿˵ 
ûСֻܷϡǾܺÿʡ 
ʣǺǵЦһشȻ˵׷ƽȣ
Щǹ𡣵ǹ񵳺ܺ±
Щ˼롣 
ҲŲǹ񵳣æϡ˵Ĳûеս߹
һֱҪѹһͷЩĶǹ񵳿Ķȴ
ռأŪĹ񵳵ˡ 
㲻ǣЩɡ 
費ҲЩ£ҶԹһҲȤ˵
ҸоԼǴһƵλáղ⼸䣬Һҵӡ󲻺ã
Ǽϲʵ 
˵꣬תͷңҪһı飬֪
û˵ѣüͷչ 
Ҽָһ㣬˵Žҵʳָû
ʳָһ𣬶Ƿ˰ߣʾһ㡣 
项һӵȥӵƿҲԵ
һ¡ȻöЦһعʱջֱۣǹ
˻Σ촽һĶҩβһĻ
ߡ 
Σգ߻ġû˼ȥŵľٶеһס
ǹн·š 
İɣհ˵껹һ˵ţôʮ 
ڣҲòϣһʴӱˡʱһյĳĬ
䣬͸©ҰԵԸԭֲˣҲвʳ
˼̻һ棬òǻ۲棬ʱˡ 
һˣֺܰһƲסԼĸ
ʱ˵Ķ֮ûȥ֣ҵĿе㿪ģȻ
˼ֵĺܿ죬ÿһζܴаġĶܱ׼λ
ҪһŮģҶʼһѧߣ˲ʣ
Ҵôһеģô빲ģҺܺ档 
˾һǹе⣬ôͬģһʲô
֮ɡʱ鲻ҲʧʱŪʵ 
֪ôԼȥ 
Һ;˾ûʲô˵Ҳ˵ЩˡЩį˵š
˵Ķʵһӿƹʣǣ֮Ĺϵ
ƽ˼ܡ ˾һЩŰˣٻ˵ƽο
һ˵ʲôˡ 
˵ˣԼԸ˵˵־ĲӦ
ú̸Щ˵Ϊʲô 
Ҹǻڰ·פ´ϰ࣬ÿҲǸ
Ǳ߽ߵճͨӰ֮ͨš 
Ӧû鱨ɡҵ٩Ľӻ硣 
ЦЦûзҲûп϶սÿһԼ鱨
·ʵҲʲôܡ 
ʱǰز϶ʧ񵳵Ŀվվʵʩ
ҹ޲ը..֪ģżǻը 
ˣʱһѧУ飬ÿıرǷϮ
ֻҪ죬Ҫն㡣ȻˣȻڻ֮£
ڶܵķն࣬ʽĽֺŻũҵıɡ 
Ҳм̨ʵ̨ʼʱҪ
ǵķ˾ṩյЧ鱨ʵǸͲǣ
ǵ̬Ⱥܲãֻǵ¼ʹáҲ֪
һڡ 
ҲϲСһΣͨվĵ籨վ
׼ըϽĻɽۡ˵Щ档
˵Ҳ֪ͨ¡ 
֪ĶԹ̶ܴ϶ɵġ㡣 
㲻ˡ˵ĺȷҵȷûе⣬ǶԺ
ˡ 
ϼҪͨҵ֪Ƿ˾ȻҲ룬Ҫ
 
Ļ˵Ҳ˽ˣΪǰڼʱ˾˺
Ĺ¡ʶԹǱߵ鱨Žɣվĺը֤鱨
׼ȷԺͿɿԡըûзشίԱҲȻ龪
һžʼ濼·´鱨û뵽
˵Ĺֶ 
˵һЩΪһ¶ҪҲҪ
չ鱨·ֶӰţæû뵽Ǵ˻
ϻӣ˿ûܵ粻Ӱ죬ܺ˵ô໰
һˡ 
ֽ֮һЩҪעҪ뿪ѵҡھҪ뿪ʱ
ҲһһҪûһ𣿡 
ʲô 
;˾֮ǰʶ𣿡ǵĶԻ;ٶȻ˵
ĻҾ֮Ӧʶ 
һ𣿡 
ʲô 
硭.续ңʱȴû˲˼ֱҶѯ
ʵҲ֪ôش˵ͻ˼ˣ˵еΥģ
಻ 
Ҫˡ´˵ɡûӦ˵;ֱ߽˼
صָֻƽʱİ״̬Ȼһ 
еֲһʵ壵ģģ˶ǻģҲ
ʲôҲ˽ĿԸı 
°ûȻؼҡǰʱؼһ߲ؼңΪҲ
ˣҲؼҵĴ࣬ϵҲ⡣ 
ԼǰѵĺøҴ꣬һͬȥ
ģһͬҵġʶԴһν̹ٶŰҴо֮
ǳ˺øǡǰҲҪ·һֵ
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ԼһӣһҺһϴ䡣绰
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˵ȥ˾˵Ѷϰ࣬ô 
˴֡еݵ˵ 
Сӣܸ˴֡ʶɲġҲ²°
ԷһǸŮģ԰ɣ 
Ĭͷʾ϶ 
Ҿ֪ˣһֶǿƵġ˵껹һԵӺ˵
ôǵһˣûǸ˵ͬʱ˿ӣ
סֻĴָƵͷĶǵǰеģʾŮ
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ڣĶ˵ֵܣҪ濴˶Էȥ׷˼ң¶
ܾҲҪ±˴˵ݵλ..һ֪һ
ǳףƷֵһС..֧㡣 
˵ĳϿңȴ֪ôشˡ֮Ĳֻݵλ
䣬˵ҲҲ˵Щҽ
еġ 
ˣʲô˵Ҫˣȥ 
ĿɾͲˣûпɽ.ǰҷھ֡ 
ı飬ӦòϲǵطȻ˵ǵطǲɹ
ȨǷ£ǵͷİæϨСϰǷ£ǻ
ȥѹˮҲ֪ǲϲӲ顭ⲻ
Զһ˵ӡȥˣＱҪ֣Ҿͱˡ 
˵֪1941ףӢͬˣйԶ
֧ԮӢս19423£Զ巢սеʱ
66սԶĵ56·ضϣȫ
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ҵĹ۵սʧӢҲкܴΣָңֻ֪
ȴǵ󡣵ԮͿɽҪӢȻȥ˼
..սʧ󣬴󲿷ֽʿ˻ϡһӡȣйפӡ 
뷨˵Ǳ߻Թٱбսѵ䱸
˾ṩʽװ㵽һѧãûĲܡ
һһΪġ 
ԽԼҲ֪ﲢûʲôѡ.
ЩȻֻþٱȾơ 
˼ڣſ˵Ҫˣ䷿Ѿ˰
ķˣҲûסˣ͸ɡ˵껰ͰԿ׵ݸҡ 
ȥҲ֪òýӡ 
ˡǸðɡص˵֪ļҷϡ
..ԺԴСŮ˵껹ٺٵЦ 
뵽һ㣬ҾܻЩ飬ұ˵
ˣùԿ׺úװ˿ڴ 
֮ǼȾƣ˵һЩٱĻŻ 
 
֮ҲڽһЩ˾׷һʲôҪ
飬ü춼ûгˣʱȴǣҼֶһЩ
ܣʾǺܻʲô 
һæţҲûʲôҪ鷢ʱʱĻ
˵һЩ졣Ȼ緹ʱ䣬˾˲ڵ⼸ѧˣÿζ
һλ򷹣ȻԱ߳Է 
ҷԷʱӶôÿϲԷ⣬ֻԏCزˣ
õһĴ룬ſӣС죬ĽУϸ
ʣԷʱעⲻһͷںڵĳܿһ
Сѩ覣Ůʾԡ 
˼׷ͻһ·̣΢촽һڣȻͳ
ڴһС߽ǡĶˣҸųԷ
 
һᣬڶеĶ˵úóԷ
ҿʲôĳǺߵģ˵͵ͷȥķ 
ҵ͵֣е壬ֻҲŵͷȥԷ 
ԸҲ鳤ûлǸֱӣʲ
ô˵ʲôȤ˵š 
лҲҪúóԷҲԵĽӹǾ䡣 
仰Һ֮ոˡܲĴ
ĶԻٳ˼ڣȻһˡ 
㿴鳤ˣƽʱҪһЩܳꡭ..Сᱨ
㡣ҡ 
㸸ĸû̹𣬳Էʱ˿.ǶŮ
˵ 
˵ĺܶԣҴͳйԷǺܽġ֪
ϿԿһ˵ò̶ȡϵĻǡĻͨ׽
?Ԩ˵Ҫӣԣ𶯡
Ϻǹ淶һй˵Ļ 
Ҳֻһ£ʲôġҿˣ԰ɷ
СѾͷǻҽΧʱҪ⡣
һǲ˼ĸϽһ㷹ʰ;ҲҪˣҲ
Ǽ˵ˣҲҪߡ 
СѾͷĪĿǷ˰ɡ..˵.˵
 
ҿСһ˼δϡ..Ļص 
ݣҿͦģ˼ϣǻ˭
˿ڷ˵ŻȻеعζ˵ѵ..Ī
˵һ￴鳤 
㿴С񡭡ڵĴС׷ϱʱ򲻶𡣡 
Ҳ̫˼ˡ鳤..ˣ 
ʳߣԽԽԶҲԽԽСԻĲ
Ǻһ仰ҵĸҲֶ಻
ʮˣĸѾʮˣŮ˰ǿ£
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ղô£ţʼһЩһ鹲£
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ʲôô¡ҴĻص 
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ҺúõĳԷȥ˭˵Щûţæתߵ˵
㻹֪ϲѰġ˵ġ 
ŶŽɵ˵ˡ 
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ɲܴ⣬鳤ǰǰ˵˵ž˵
ˡ 
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ǰͦҵġ±ЩС˵
ң˵ǰһӣ 
˭˵ģ㡣Һܻ˵Ļģܾ
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˵ֻ˵ô֪ǲģŲš˵Ťͷ
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극ֹһᣬ˾ȻڣҪȥѵҡ 
СͦڿģûôǽҪʱ
˵ˡ 
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Ҳ֪ģһϸ鱨ԱҪй˵ʣν̩ɽ
ǰ治ɫ֪һģҪرѵ 
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ǷɾͶˡͳֶΣ𡣡 
˵ǻպѶˡϵ̵ð̣ܲ
˵˶ȥ.ϻʵġ֪ĵǲ١ȿڣ
е⡣ 
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Ȼǡ˿˵鳤ҪǱץסˣǾ
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ͳձ˵ֶθ֪࣬ѻŵ£
ƶǣձضڶ޶Щ飬˽֪
˵ŻǰƣҵĶƾȵĲᡣ 
رѵĻܶ࣬ǻҪ𣿡 
ˣˡСҪȤȥɡƸ 
Ҳȥˡ֪ô¾˰ɡæܾ 
УŻ˭鳤𣿡Щȴûбֳʲô
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Ȼǽͷ飬Һֶȥѵҡ 
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ڼؽڡѨλҪλ㣬øܸԭ뾭ѧ˵
÷ؽڶͼԷ֮ʹ޷ܵʹ۷
Ӧﵽһ֮Ч 
øߡˤýϽˡϵһ
ۺʵüѧϰø񶷵ĿľͽֶԵи񶷵ļսˮƽ
ӶڶԵжиЧشԷԼɫ񡭡.. 
ȸһø񶷷Ķҽص㲢ڴˡ
ĹӦòЩѧУ̹ٽЩŮѧԱʱ򣬾ͷǳ
ŮȥеӲ֡ҪһЩŮӷ 
˵ЩҪȥãø񶷲ʺ㡣Ҫر
˵зԱҪǹȻܡҷǳõ
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ŮӷһʵĴû˵ 
ŮڿпĲͽŮӷȼ̵
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ʱضһɱС˵лΪĿġʹпʹõ
ΣԵʵ̶ȵ˺ûκܣûκβԼΪ
Ŀɷӣʹĸ٣ʹøֵߵȵȶԳΪ
˵Ĳ˵Щʽ˵ν޶Ҫ
ֻǽ𣿡 
˵꣬һȻͷ 
ͷҹʹĴӲһ±סұ˸
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ƽԭһͷںļسƤ
Ժһʱ˿̵òһҲ֡
źŵ㣬Եֽһ¡ãȻ޳
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ʲôſҵ³çٶŵˣæȥץҵҪҷſ 
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ʾû뵽Լᱧô˼ϷҸæɿ
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ġҴʱķӦһµĺӡ 
Ҫ̾ͽ̣òֶŵġеȷһŮ˱һ
˱סɺͳ 
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˵ıȻһʵվڲ
ʾлɲĶû˵ֻǱȻһ¡ 
ԣҸղšղŲ㣬һеġ 
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зǰץסļ硣粿ӦòŮرеĲλ
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ҪͬشֱϣȻ󳯱ķתȻ
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ΪҴ£ֻÿװȥҧȻ̧ͷЦ˵𡣡
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Ь 
Ƕղš.ղŵĳͷԵϷ˵ţִЩ
Ƥȴϴһ˿΢ɲ⡣ 
ҿ¶˵ƤҰԵһ棬ԷӺ汧ס
㣬㲻Ҫ 
𣿡ʡ 
ҪףֻаȰǰűڶԸ
ף͵ģ 
ȰףһˡⲻǶԸɫǵ
𣿡뵽仰а˼еĵ˵˳ 
һΪأߵӿ֡ 
˵ĶԡһɫʱǺġ˻
Ȩûй˼ʲô˵˳ 
ԷҪӦûôɡ 
ʹˡҲˣҲȻҲ
ŮͳҲСȻĶԷǸŮġ 
ŮɫաⲻͬŤ˵š 
ֻ˵ֻҪܰȫٲԸҲҪȥϾҪ
Ҳ㡭.Ҳκʧһû˵걻ϡ 
֪ˡ 
ŮԵǺҾֱַ֮һЩ
䡢۾Ĵ֮ҧӺͲӵ
˵ˡ 
쵽ĵӵʱѵ⼸ÿѵ
鶼ҺĺʱƺҲԸڽʱ
˵Ự 
ҿҪʼæˣǹվձ飬֪
չôء 
ô֪µģҪܵŶܲ졣 
˵ġ죬ʵ͵ġ 
ȻѲʲôܣҲڱίԱķҪȥʡ
ҪעСӺձһһ 
ôҪ飬СӦò֪ɡ 
Թ񵳵ı˵׼ͻй©ȥ.վɷɻ
ңǾˣûҪǵĶЩɻ
⣬֪ʣǼȻôʹ޽ңΪʲôҪ
Щ¡ҵȷе档 
մѪ˵ĳޡձռ
ǵأɱӣ޶ҪǵĹҺ塣 
Һ˵Щֻ˵ǹ˹˽ֵĺ壬ǰĲ
й񵳵ʿҲекݵص񡭡ڵĿս棬Ҫľ
ᣬǹڵģҲйģҪܵȡԮ..ǲŲѧϽ
ȥʹ߿飬ȷ˳õİȫǹ
֣ؾ֮һҲ˫һ֡ 
Ļòеֱ࣬˵ĲΪʲôҪ˵ô໰
ѵҪչңҡҡͷͷֻһʱпɡ 
ռ鱨ףֻ֮ǰһǵĵ籨
˸׽뱾 
ӦҲ֪ģҲԷĵ籨ɣǺѵģ
뱾̾Ϣ˵ 
Ҵ֪ڵƾ˾æҲΪ¡ 
˵Щְͷ˼ʲôֹһᣬ
ֿˡһ𣿡 
ʲôҺִʶڣǵһ
˵Щ 
ˣ˵ŻңҵĻش 
벻ҽꡭ.Ҹ˿ڣһ
컵뷨ʾҵðԼ˵ĴһЩþܵĺһЩ17
ʮꡣĸ׽ʮ꣬˵ԼʮӦҲ֣
Ҹߴ˧ΣʹҿȷһСˡ 
ôˣŽɡ 
ôʲô𣿡˵Żߣӣһǿļ
⡣ 
Ŷûֻ뵽һЩǰ顣ε¶Щʧ
Ȼҡҡͷһ߳ѵң߰ɣ͵
ˡʼȥ°ɡ 
Һջص칫ң˵ˣղŴҵ˵⼸
ܻһοŹιοʡ֪ͨղǲڣ
Ҫ֪¡ 
ЩǳԱû¸ɣʲôֶǾҪ
ܣá 
ⲻǿ쵽˫ʮһ֪ƽʱ̫æˡ.Ҳ
ǺɡοЩοƷʲôġһֱӦҲ֪
顣 
οҲãֻһֱȽϷգҲܽӵɡ 
 
ѾûʲôرĶҪֻǺ˵һЩҪע
飬ʵһ죬ҷ֮ʹ
ƺֲ̫ŵˣѵұ仹Сһ
ˣҶûи˵׵Ļ̸˵ܾңֻһ
һʱеʧ䣬֪Ӧ˵ʲô 
ΪʲôѡһУĵĻ⿪ˡ 
..ʲôֵġΪΪʲôŮĻ
ǼҲǡ 
ǣ˵㡭.. 
ôƲŮ𡣡 
ǵģ֪ôѡ籨֡빤ûƲǣ
ֻһŮҲֻԱѣ뷽ĻǺټġ 
һ츳ɡһУҪܺõе
˵ 
һһ֪ģ籨ߵ粨ϾǸִ룬ջ
Ҫ籨ԱкܺõѧԺԣ˵ѧõ߼Ժ
ǿ˼άܣͷԴ.ҿʼ˳άȻ󻰷һת
ҺһҲܺá⵹ҪԿ䣬ѧҵѧ
һֱùһЩ 
ѧſѧǸȻѧĻԴӶѧ֮󣬹ڲſ
ʼϵͳĸѧ֪ʶ˵˼άƺûת
ȻѧѧһףȻѾ˲ٸУһЩ̻Ҳϲ
ѧЩĴûõĿҪΪɶҹƼ
أҲеһԭ 
㣿ҵƽֿܲû˵áҲѧã
ЦЦ¶ݣ¶һǳǳľѣºÿ 
ûЦң˵š˵ĺõŴԭ
.Ҽ˺ûϲѧȻ֪׵֪
ĸһһѧõˡ 
ԻҪкѧϰ 
Ҳɡ 
.. 
˵һεĳĬԣҷֺһңĻ
һֹйŮĸо 
˵˵涼ѧʲôӦҲоգ
ƳĬЩĵɻ 
ѵǰڣǰѵǸּѵң
ұ˵ǰѵҪǶѧϴ˼룬ǿԷ
ӡļɡЧ䡢ɹʡҪѧ˸顢־
Ϊͳεѱߡ 
㱻ϴ𣿡 
ҿɲһףһˡҷǳңǿƵĴ
˵һ仰˵ ѵǳ˼ѵÿڽʦ
Աس壬Է䡣ѧ˼뿼ץúܽÿٿ
һηĽ̵ԱμӵСۻᣬĸѧн
򣬾׷飬㱨ѵ飬ѵһ
βþƶȲ֪ԩ˶ˡ..Ҵʱ
ӻᡣ 
֪ǹϵڰʾҼ˵ 
ѵΪʹѧ⼼ܡΪжѶ鱨ȼ 
ϵжϵרִдɱƵжԱҪ
κԡ赶ɱ˵ʮơ.. Ѷϵרշ
Ƶ̨ܵԱ..ͨšܵѧȭ
ȣΪϵѧԱ޿Ŀ 
鱨ϵأƺԹ鱨ҡ 
鱨ϵҪ߱鱨ԱҪڱԼı죬
һ㻯ϷữӭϸָĶѼҪ鱨..
˵ֽ˼䣬鱨һֿԵĶαװױ
Ǳ߾αװڹڲɡ..ĬӦǱʾͬ
ɫŮնԷĸ߼Աȡ鱨һǹ񵳵
ֻ.. 
ȻҾ߲ٵҪٰޡҲ֪Ϊʲô˵һ㣬
ǰ̹Ǿͽ̹Ϊ˻ȡ鱨伫޶Լٰ磬
ûиҪݵ񣬻¶ҾҪЩѡ 
Һ˵ţȴʱ¶ЦֵĻعͷЩ
ΪȻҵĲ¶ʶϵСѡ
ԲԲϹһԺÿСѣһ˫ˮ۾ʱֵת
ţϵССѣÿЦʱʢļ˸о
崺硣 
ܾԼЦĲʱˣַڶæһֻȥ
棬ҪסЦֹסЦ˵ˡ 
㲻ʹҺ˾ǰǲʶ𡣡 
֮ǰʶ𡣡һ֪顣 
˵һһһεġ 
ֶѶǹԱϺйؿƵˣֶĳ
ǿѧʹͨϼԣ1927ʱֶǵĵ֯
ͳϺߵѧУѧϰ 
Ȼĳ̫ѣ˵ѵһ
㲻ζҴҲѣ
ҽδҶ㺡 
оǣҪʼˣ1927ߵѧУѧϰǿ
ѧ֣һ㵹ǺҺ񡣲ԣҺһ17ɣ
Ҳʮͷˣû뵽仹ֵܱڼҴһģ
ΪʮҪ׿˵ҿ϶š. 
ûзҵ˵šʱʼʶʡ
ʽֶͳϺվߵ籨Աֶ˳˻ͳ
Ϊ˶Ŀǵ֯Ϊݺͱ 
ֶ侲ذʽķִ磬ƾʶΣҪ鱨
ͳܵ籾ݷݸǵ֯ʵܲԸ飬ֻ
Ϊǵĸ鲻òȥѲѣͰֶǵ
һλͬ־ѽ飬˴ߵ˵ͷͬʱƻݸ
õشµ¹ 
ҴҲ˽һЩǰ顣ϺѪ¼֮ʾͱ
ͳϺһЩعְλʹԽӴʽŮ
ԣҲʱʼͿֶֻѡĳִ˵
ͷ 
ʾԼһĻᣬԲ顣
ҪһǰᣬѾʧˡȻľ˾˵ġ¡ã
ӡ˽¡˵õļҽʹһСˡ 
֮أҺѵ飬̫³çˡ 
ͽ˵ͲԸ˵ˣ̾һޱʹ
ѹȻǺ飬֪ͽ³֮ǰй
񵳵ͽձԼˡҾʱѹ
Ҳŷ鲢ûô򵥣ҲûʹǶǺ
ˡ 
裿˵ǰ𣿡һ
һתĿʼһ 
ʶĸ𣿡Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪЩ֮ǰҶһ
ЩͻأһǺȻʶ˾ˣǲҲʶ
ˡ 
ϣ..ʶ.˵֪ʵáǺˬ
Ļشҡ 
ûСԸǰ顣ʵĻش 
ʮ 
ļԻֻ˵һΣͼˡǰ֮ǰ˵ġ 
㵱ҲʮˣҲüˡЩԼ֪𡣡
˼ӦǣҼȻǼͥһӣǼʲô鶼᲻֪ 
1925ģȴҽʮˣҲǱʵ
꣬Եʱ϶ǻµˣұϾ˵˻ţԲ֪
ʱֲƭҲ֪Сʱ˵
һ¡Сʱ󣬸ӡ̵һ̡仰˵ĵ
ģʱ򣬵ȴһ̣Ǽ
ڡ 
ʲô䣬֪ʲô𣿡еʵ
ͿˣѵСʱҲ֪ 
һ⣬ʱСô֪ȥǵЩ
ӡֻԼǵλǻִḧҵС 
ԼĪʮ࣬һһ˺öóԵġϲ
ҵСʱСֻǵЩҿǺ
֪࣬˵Ҫ֪ҿԻؼҰĸס˵Ĳ
ǼٻºҪҿ԰ʡ 
ˡллңȻ˵仰Ҳܲñ
֪ǰԾܾҵĺ⡣ 
ЩԻҶһЩµʶһ˫峺Ĵ۾
ĺ촽С崿ľŵľɫ
ϣټϸƵķһɫ
ľˡΪʮ꣬еҪ꣬
֮ǰܾʱʱĻ¶һֲŮ̬ڲŴ
ԭ֪Եĳ̫ˣӵһա
˵ҵˣ˵Ҳ˵
ͨ 
ҾȵĲ䣬ľӦ1927һЩ
ͼ˹Ǹʱֵʱڣǹǹ񵳣
ʶ궼ĸף˾˶ˡΪʲô
ѡ񹲲أΪᵽ 
ҵʻܸоⲻûºʵģź
ҪҪʣڴʧ׾ͿԿ
һҵļҲʹĳЩϵ Ҵӵһμ;
иУʧɢˡ.ˣʷ
ҿʼԽӵĶȤ 
һ˼ʲôʱűƿˡΪЩֻҺ
ڣʱʱŹţû˨һƾͿˡ 
ȿű˵ûǰɡ 
ڴʱ̫ǡһ̸˷ֵĸоҲ
ȥһۣСȻ¶һĨ΢ɲĺɫò
һɣҲһͻص״̬ûСǲʲô¡ 
ϴ֪ͨ˵иοҪοʣѾˡ.
ʵĳţû˵꣬һ˴˽ 
㲻ڰ칫£ʲôŮ˵Ҳŷ֣ⲻ
ҵĸôˡŻ˵ҪҵĻ
Ϊֻ˵ģû뵽а취һʱеסˣʲ
ô£ѵɵľͲ 
վ̨顣Ҳֶ֪Ϊʲô˵Ϊ֪
ĸ׸ղǾ仰Ǻ˵ġʶ裬Ҫһ鳤е
˵ 
ĸôˡڽ̡..Сӵĵ籨ˡһ
Ļػǰ˵ҽϼΪ
ѣ͸˿ڣ˼⻹ҵһϱ˸˵ѻ 
Ҷ衸ĸסĳƺע⣬æЦǺǵ˵
ԭǰ̰Ҿ˵ôʶģҪҴԭ
裬ǸǸ 
Сܻ˵ŪҲæ˼˵ţҸ
û˵ҶӣһҪ˵ллء 
ֶŲ̫ҿ϶˵ˡȻ֮ǰᵽ
֣ղŵ˵ʹʱı飬һ治̫ܿĳǲ
ǰʶĸס 
λǣѾˣĸݷҲǵһμֶò
ֶһ˴ֻʶ˵ԷûмԷɣ 
ֶ𡣡Ҹĸ׽ǵ鳤 
ֶ֪û뵽㰡ŶˣǷ..
֪ΪʲôҾ˵ƺûֶȻһ仰
Ƕһ١ 
Ҹ磬Ҳ㡭.ѶĿŮӢۣƹ
վҪ籨ˣû뵽ǵŮӢۻôƯ
ȷʵܾ̾ǰˣü価ŮԷ飬
ǣѩ촽һѩһ÷°ұֱһ
ˡ 
ΪԼҲһɫģԽϺõʹı
ЩͬĸŮҪõĶ࣬ǴȻģʩ֬ѷ
컨ݣǰ˱СŮֻԼС
ôѣǷġ.ֻ̾ϢԴͬ
ġ 
˵ġе㲻мʣ˵Ư
ûкͱŮһֳϲö壵˵һ㵹Ǻ񡣡 
ǵģ㡭..ֶĺһȻǴʧΪ
һ︡䡣ûļ˵֪ĸ
˵ʵȴƯҺ֮ʲô⣬æ
Ļ 
裬˵ǻ˶ʲôö 
ȻοʣȻҪοƷߣȥǰ칫ңҸǷַ
뵽¡ 
οƷһɿһͷƷȻֵ࣬ս֮ʣȴ
ڱȽݳ޵ĶˡƷзݣҵļͥ£ЩҲ
ʲôϡĶ뽫ҵһݸֶ𡣲ĸ׾ǰ
ῴʲôһһĽɿֶͷ 
ܿĵĽ£ֶȴһ£ҵܼƾܲˣ
ֻҲˡһ鳤һСŮԣҲûʲô˵
óڡҶµľٶͶĿ⡣ 
ƷַϵʱмŮҲˣӦǺһ
ģղſǸڷҲʶǣӦҲʶ
ǣⲢӰʱաһŮĿ˵ˣǴ
ȳ¼θοƷЩǴȥǰʿġ
˵һȺüĿŮӢƣ˵ʲôҪǴο
Ʒǡ..ϣͬ飬ͬЭոձ
ӡ 
Ӧûв֪¼θġ¼θ1874
ȡʶɽ1910ͬ˻Ტ֧ɽĸ 
1937꿹սȫ汬ܻ¼³¼θѡΪϯ
Լͷ֯ļ1939һ꣬Ⱦڻ
3.6ڶԪ¬±䵽̫ƽս4ڼ䣬ƾԼ15Ԫ
֧Ԯ˹ڵĿ幫·ʱ֯˾
æ 
һֿյףԵ˵Эδ
ǰԺͼ项᰸ȫ͹Ȱ
ģڵʱĹս˺ܴĹá 
ձʤ.ձ۹塭ձҵĴȺ
ߡ 
Ʒַϣ˵һЩ֮ЩԶҪȥˣ
°ʱҲˣҲҪȥˡ 
ȻҪĸһؼңֻû뵽ߵʱȻ˵ֶȥ
ͣˡ 
                               δ
 
ؼҵ·Һһʱģ࣬Իȥ
ʱǰҺֻҵķһ·ʣµ·ҪԼ
ȥãҲԶˡ 
Ǹվ˭Ų˵㻰Ҳģ˵
еʣҲ֪ǽĶЩˣԼôõ׼
ġ 
ѽҽŮơĸ׿˵ˣֻе
ء 
ң˵һЩ¼ɽʡˣԭսž
ʮž˾Ͻ½н׷ڶϽΣ
ս졣19371940Ⱥʱսݴս人
սս˴սȡ1940վսУ
ѳʱ49꣬ķŮʿźıʹʳն
˱÷ɽ´ 
ŽƵĿʿֵ𾴡..Ҳ֪ô˵
ҲһŮľ塣 
Ž۵İŮĸΪ֮
Ҫúøܾˡ.֮Ůںһ
˿ļһЩƻ 
ҴΪʲôܽˡ ļŮҲһ
ıҲǿ֮ҪοʣһҲ
٣ˣʲôܵ飬ûк
ɾܾ 
ֲ˵а취ҡ˵ҪĻ 
ҲŲҪ㡣ζ˵ţҪȤҡ 
ңʲôĸ׽οʣһ⣬Ȼ
ĻȫԲġ 
ʲôȻΪ¡ʱĳ
Դ˵ˣҾļҹķۡ.
һһ˵ţҿ˻֪£ҿ
˼ҶƺҲ˼..ҶˣǼұԡ..ֻ
꣬ԵŮשѾͷ˳ҲƯ 
ǡ..Ҳ֪ôˣʹСһ䣬ֶ
Ư 
˵ĻһƯĹһĵۣ
ŮԼĪӽһ㣬Ҳܰ崿̷
Ҳ񾲡ֶʤһĺģһͷ
ϽһߣСŮȵ˵ġ 
һŶŵľӣ֬ѩҫĵβ
һͷɫ壵ĳִഺϢ
һˮܽأķ̺Ʋʳ˼̻𣬳Ľëһ˫ˮ
ͫЦһǳǳСѣǺÿˡ 
㡭.˵ʲôҸղû塣ĸ׵ɻĿ˿ҡ 
ǶƯҲȷĸǲ˵ĻΪǾ仰
˵ĺᣬʱѾôĿŵ˵һ˵Ƕ
Ư 
˵ֶ𣿡ڵ𾪣ֶȷƯѾ
Ҫӽʮˣͬ˻ŮԵӽȥֶûʲô⡣
û뵽ԼĶӾȻҲֿ֮˽֮
Уǲֻ⣬ݵ⣬;̫ơţ
ֶ֪ҲƯҪԶһЩ˻˵л 
Һ˭Լ£˻˵ʲôлƶǶĻش 
..Цġ 
˵ҲҪ˼⣬ôϲһҴܶŮ
ˣƺͱһϲ崿С֣
ҺƫһŮԣڻԼСʱʼҾ
ѧУŮʦ¶ĸоҲ̸Ůϲһ˵
о. 
ѵ뷨Ҳһתͷ˿裬
Ů˵ĽǶ費ҲҺܶſʼϸĴĸסĸ
׵ĸͷԼһѾЩУӳȡ
ϸüϻױԵЩģֱͦıżţһī
ɫ£ӳز˶βҲϴһ˫и
ְҵ߸Ь 
ĸҲŮζģȻֶһЩ
ҲʵټˡҵȷԼ뷨һ֪һ
ⷽ飬Ҫȥ»ҪӦĸס 
㻹Ҫ֮ǰ϶ûм
棬ֲʶҾԻе㲻Ȼ˵
ֶֹ˵ֹҪͶԷ˵һЩƺ
СǷͬĵɣʶҲҲѾ˵̫໰
ҲֻǺΪɶҪͣΪ
ɣ̵š 
Ϊ˾롣ȻҶˡȻᵽ˾˾ˣ
Ҫò˵һЩˣ⻹⣬ҶϲΪҪӽ
аĽŮˡ 
ǸҪˡԾ˾˸û˿˼ն˵š
ôȷ˵Ҳиݵģƽʱ̸ֹóֶǾܾ
ġһ֤ˣԵԸҪֶԾ˾˱
ֳʲôøУƽʱ˵һֶĻ⣬ȻûС 
ô֪ҡ 
ԣһһиоǲһġ.ҿԾ
Ǳ֮ء 
ûСӻЩû˼..
ӣҵĹ.Ĺɾûж 
ҷǶЩͬ»ƽʱ˵е
˵ϲҡҷֶҲԱģ
ȴܻһЩѵһҲ˼̵Ҳ
æ˵ţһһˡ 
ţҲǲ˾ˡǰ˾£Ҵ֪һ
Ǳߵ顭.ĸ˵ЩֶҲ˵̾˵
ûÿܣҿ˾˿ʹ˻ûɼңү
ţǱΣбƵáô£˾˱軹Ҫ꣬
˵ȷʵҪһˣүҲǰ߶¡..ô˵
ӽֶҲֻһԵ̬ȣҲܺܺõĽΪɶӽֶ
ֶǲĵ̬ȣ뵽һ磬Ҹоá 
˾ôˣҲҪһأҿ˾Ӧüʱͷ
ʺϵ˷ʱˣѡһԵ˾ɡ..⻰һ
ĵģҲһԲԵġҵȻϣߵ˶һ
ϣɼңҲΪ˽ӽܡ 
ѵˡͷȥȰȰɡĸײҶˡ 
˵ô໰Ҳܺã֮·ֶһ磬
һҿȥ׷ʾ᲻ԡ 
裬㻹ǵǸ𣿡ֶĵ飬ĸ
ʵ 
ʲôĸ̡ĸɻ 
Сʱ򾭳ҼҿҵǸôͲˡ 
ǶǰˣôǻǾټҰϾ֮
ǰϺһ£ƾ΢ļ䣬żǵýֶ˵ǵ飬
ĸӦ֪ıҶࡣ 
ʵģֶ֪ҵģ֪ӡ
ĸģ˵ֻǴҪʵģңʶλ
̡Ȼһҵ֮˵ 
ô֪ģǲ˵ġͣס˽Ųɫ 
ţˣҾ˵ˡҽ󡭡ĸ׵Ļ
ĸ֣ѽ˵˳ǣҾƭ˵ҽʮˡ 
ҵĻֱЦӣС󣬻ƭˡ
˵Ǻϡ 
ΪΪҺֶ˵˻ãûƭֶҵʵ
üͷɢ 
ŲϡԵϳɡ 
ŶƤЦһ䣬ת˵˻ʮ
ǰˣʱ㻹С̰ҵľѣۣܵ
Ǽͣ˳㡭ԹԵ˵Żҿı飬
óкصĸ棬ǰȥϾû
ˡ˵תͷҵһˣǶܺã
Ҫס 
֪ˡҲȾң˵Ƕ˵ˡ 
Ĭһ·ֿڵ𣿡 
ûˡ 
ؼҰɡ 
ҵʱѾˣ÷׼ȻԼȥˡ
үڿţҪȥʺã϶ҲڣǺ̸ʱ֡
ҹ£ǹͬĻ⡣ 
ү㡣ҿүҪߣӦǿҪ
ˡүѾǰˣ˵æǰ 
ãһûϵǸز..ߣ϶ȥġү
϶˵Ż 
үӣˣͲҪƢˡ..ǸТ˳ӣ
㣬û¡.϶˵ǴЦǺǵ 
壬ȳȥҷүȳȥûүķԣ
ҲȥŻ˵ˣ壬ǰսôˡ϶
ˣ˵ҲǴˣϲ˵̵飬
ʵ 
СӰСʱϲ˵Щ飬˻һû䡣϶
ǼദͣȻ޷׼ȷĸ֮Ĺϵ
ȷѾǵ 
αǰӢսˡ..ǰϻһЩӢ
û뵽Ҫһ׼ߵˡ϶ʼ˵֪飬
¾˹ָտʼ·ˣս֮ͿһΣ
˫뽩֣ƶԵ¹вҿҪ˶ã ˹ָս۾
Խˡ 
¹ǿһֱڴʤ̣ξôҪ𣿡˵У
¹һֱڵ۹ǿС 
жǿնҲ..ҿֽ˵ҲҪ
ˡү廰ˣǰڵ۹Ҫţ
֮Ǽ꣬ҲùҲû꣬ǵĹҵѾ
˵¹..ֻԼһֱϹڡү˵Ż̾ 
Ҳû˵ôãҪȻտսǻôôĿ
ĸ׻һӼ³ˣ̸ۣҲʱĲ廰Թ״
Ҷ⣬Ҳĳĸ׶ն·Ҳܴ 
ǳæתƻ⣬ǹڵսأ 
սǸӡϽڵǵձˣԼ
Ը..ǵװҲָϡ 
϶˵ſˡԭǾ˾˻ˣСһģ
ټ˾˻ˣҲ⡣Ǽ˵Ĭ
ϲ˵ǹ񵳵ǵ顣 
С̣˾ôһˡҸе֣ͷҲ
һ顣 
µʱġгʹһˡ˾˻ش
 
裬һˡСûǣ˵Ҫȥ㡣 
ʲôѾˡˡ÷˵ſ 
þûһһٷˡ÷ѶŲ˳˵š
Ҳü춼ûп˾ˣ治֪ʲô
϶ʱʱġ 
㼸ûˣȥǴҲڡĸȿ˵ˣ
;˾˵š 
׷һӣйСӵġ..ȥˡ˾һ߶˳ԣ
һ˵ŻԸ˵ϵ飬Ҳϡ 
ţҽֶˡ֣صĵ˵š֪Ϊʲôҷ
˵꣬⼸ǷӦе㲻ײĲȻ 
ô˾ʵ 
һμ棬Ҳû˵ٻ.ᵽˡҺϲĸʱ
˵ӦûȰ˾˰ɡ 
ô˵ 
Ӧƽ˵ƽһ飬ҿ׷ˣ
û˼ǰǣڻǡ 
Ŷ˾ûб˵š 
ϣʰû뵽㸸׺̣׷ֶ𰡡˾е
Σ÷Ѳ廰ˣֻҷ˵Щʱ򣬻һۡ˵
ŮԴӡ.ʲô仰û˵ֿʼ˵ڻ
ţŮǿȥ׷ģҪǿ˿ڣҰ˵
÷ôԼĺǡ 
ʲô˼Ҫ⣬ˡ֮ǰ飬
ܣô˼ȥ׷˼ңôءүһ׵һ
˵͸ĻȻҲҲ̫׵Ļ 
ˣףͱ̭ˡҪҳɼҡ..Ҷֶֻ
Ե̬ȡ֪˾仰Գĵġ 
°ǿ..϶˵Ż˿ĸףһܹ
ӵľͿˡҿ˼ֶû˼Ҳеġ϶ֻ˵Щ
ڵȴû˵Щ˺ֶףֻҺС̲
 
ˣֶ˭˵ҶˣƯ𡣡С̶
ȤǶֻųԷû˵϶ȴˣ
㣬ˣǶûС˵ָү÷Ѻ
ҲĸֻǳԷҲûлشС̡ 
ˣϴ˵иŮ˵˭ֶ
ɡСûţˡ 
ڳԷûҭסεĻش𣬡˵ģˡ
һʱеΣ˵ˣǵûʲôɣϾҲˣ˵˭˭Ư
Ưֻᵱഺڵ롣˵Ǹֶ𣬵Ȼʣ
Ϊ˾ҵĳҪ׷ֶȻͲ뷨
С˵ֱ̫ˣҸطשȥ 
Զԣ˵ҷεĲֹңҵɫҲ
࣬÷ȷӦڽѵŮ 
˵˼ҳƯô˵ˡ..û˵ʽ㲻
֪첻ȥ𡣡 
ٺ˵ҾͰͷϡ÷һŮضȴ
С̣˼˼ңֶֶҲ׼˵Щ
ǲڷѡ..С̵ĵڻ˿ңҲȷǲҪ˵ң
ڿת˵硢ǰ˵Ļ 
ˣˡСѾͷ˽˵һŮġĸ׿ž
ȵһˣʼΧˣ˵Żһֻۣûһװ޹
ҲҿЩ»·ϲź˵ȻĸҲһѵҰɡ
ȥˣǴ˵Żתͷ˿˾ˣҿ
Ѿͷ˻ԡ 
˾ҲӸղŵȻлعʼ˵˽
ţﲻҲͥãҲǶģ˵
ȭ˱ˣûСңз
黹ѶԷ...Ǩ֮ձ˾ɷɻըüﲻ
ȫ͹ˡ 
ǸѾͷͷƢԡðҲˡ..ڴ
ͰЩ..оʣҸ￴..Ǻ˸
ŵ飬ʼ˵ҺֻСû˵Ʋֵһ
ûһڵĽŷˣǴҵƺе㲻̫ˡ 
ϣ϶ûߡæʱڼæʱÿ
ͻһΣ֪ĸ׵顣϶үСʮңĿǰ
廹ԣĸ׽չʮ꣬굫д棬Ӧ
ǷҪ..Ҵѧʱ֪ˣǰǲΪ⣬
Ҳ֪֡ΪʲôҽǻЩ飬
ڴϵӣ϶ʲôƶԴĸףķӦ
д𡭡뵽ֶôˣʲôء 
»һԼԴЩҵ˼ϳ⣬ҲΪԼ
һӣȻշǻͿʼԷĳ嶯˵Ů
ǰұֵĶصģû뵽ȻҲ̲סǷ飬
˵Եķ뵽ֶҲû̫֣ϾһŮ
ƶⷽ뷨ҾȻ뵽ĸףǿǿҰ
ˣ 
ڰ 
ޣιˡ֮ǰֹǸŮˣ׼ȷ
˵ӦǸ衣 
ֻʱصȴˣеСһŴҾߣŵ
ͷһľ¥ݣ͵ĸ¥ʽ䡣¥ϵķ΢
ȣĴѾˡ 
Ůһɫԭڿһſӣ
ľɢҫ۵ĹߣҲ֣زڳͦ
һߡһϥȹȹӵϰ׵ݷ͸΢΢⣬
ʹĳȴһҲ¶ȹӵ°ɵ͵ߵĻߣŵ΢
Ů߽˴ϣĳӼϣͷ
һΣķʹĳŮ֮󣬲£˫ȣ
ȹ΢΢¶һ׵Сȡ 
Ůһֶ룬һְұڻŶޣ費ã
ˡ..ѶӶˣһ㣬ιͨĸ׺ӤĿ
˵Щڴߣֱңϻ룬˵
ʢࡣŮ̧͵ԼһڣȻһξ룬
ſ޵ĺ촽˴͡ԣԷˡ
һߺңһСĵιʳ 
ˮ֪࣬ζٲǼǣζġǳԵ
ζȣŵĴһЩʹҵĶһЩԼǺסˣ
ͷ 
æڴæҲͣѽͻ裬ÿ
ι㶼ǺסʮĳСӡԹңһԳ
ҲΪʲôʡ뾻ҵСֻ֮һҨһ
࣬ûзߴֱӳԽŵͷ
ҵ͡ 
ĺܽͷزѹҵϣͷһ
鷿ϣûܿ˫ҵͣͷ֭һһ
ҵͷܳⲻʱĻҵͷҸоԼ
˻ۣ֭ҺˮŮԵĴϢҷˡ 
ιңֱ׿տգ̧ͷЦ˵С
ӣͷˣ㻹ûԱ˵ףȥ
°ڣõزϷס±Եȥưɫ֣Ȼһ
Է鷿Ů絹۴룬û˿´۰۵
мǷۺͷ 
ԳŮˣһĸʽŮˣʱĸԹ
磬ԴеҼᡣ 
ӤɳҪӪƾǲеģӰɳιˮ
ҪιˮȣŶ̰ɣҪ㳤󡣡
˫һֽұ̧ߣһֽͷ͡ͷһ
ˣͬʱͷιңͷȥ
 
Ա㣬ôġ..ûóˡŮ
ѾϤˡ.. 
ҧÿֻͬŵ㵴⣬ҳ
ҲѾͬ 
ſֶϣͺͷȥҵİŪ
ϷҵĽѹҵ£ҵ
ػ̰ҹ̵ҧסͷȻ
ȥ¸鷿ӼͦͷС
룬۰Сӣҡ͵ĴҧȥͷΪ
ܱӲӲ 
岻ϲɫȾһõ죬˫ַҵͷزȥ
ﲻͣĽšš.ÿŶŶ. 
ϰһᣬ壬ܱ
ۻĺţëεǵشֲϷ
Сĵػ԰¶һƬۺ⣬Сʱ
ıպšղҶ鷿ַӦҲ԰
ŵˮõ֤ҴʱԽԽ࣬ʪµĴ
ѩƨɡ 
ʦͨͷȥĻѨҺڣ֭һζ
ζһԵϢұסԸ뿪͡ 
ţ㡭򣬻ܲ˵ġ߳ܡû
£ͣͷܵȥʱһ̲̲İҺ
ȫ 
±򵽲ͣˮŮͨ죬Ц
ͣĻ¶һÿСѣҸоԡֻһƯ
ŮҪֶаĽ˼ĺŮˡ 
ҿٵԼϵ·̧˫߷ֿܿ
ķ羰ͻԲĴȡץסĴȣң
ͦҴִیơ 
Ҫеġͣ£ȥɫӵĽ֣ͣ
һֻҡֵŮ˶еķӦܻӭҺ
Ķ 
ҵһƣͷĹ죬׼ѨģȻ˫ַ
һͦҵ߲ػ԰ 
Ŷ.ˬͬʱг 
ĻܽеҵļͲҪһһ£
Ȼ岻ͣŤ壬ÿζܲ嵽ی 
ʹ裬ӿ㣬Ҫˡ..Ҳͣĳ
ŮˣŮ˵ȴĸһ߲֪߳ܵĽкţ
һս岻ͣңʮĶ 
лңҪֹͣµĶҵн˫ȱҵ
Ҹ˲ˮͣĽҵͷй
µľʱֱ 
ͣСɫӡﺦºԼ£ȴʵ.
еˬˬɣûϵġ..ĵʱ˵ҵ
ҷſĽᣬȥҺ˵Ĺϵıƨ
⣬ͣڳš. 
С󣬾Ȼʧһôǲ
ˡϤֶ𡭡.. 
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģ֪Ǳξѵġ
Ҳֶͣܳ𣬻ĸףҾȻһޱĴΣŮ
˱ѹ²ͣŮˡɫ㣬
Ůٸ顣Ů˵һĸףһֶ𣬱顣 
˭ڣĸ˵ûϵǡֶ
ļǵϸ߳¶ЦʱҶСС
ѣ˽ȥ 
бϸڣϸĻš 
Ա㣬ôġ..ûóˡŮ˵
ڱΣͷ˵İұڻĳ̣
ϸŵŰ 
һأŻعֿҵͷ뿪鷿Ȼַ
ｿţСԱ˻ͣҧ̣Ǹʮĵ
Ƥ. 
ջ˳ûзң׽ŪƵȥҵıͷ
ǸʮСɫһҲ֣˲ġ.Ц˵껹һ
ͷĿңḧҵСĸġ 
ûιңʱ§ҵһЩ뿪ŵز
һͷҿ˳ԾһĻϵСѣλûǴС
ϵһȫغϡ.. 
ڻȫݡûܿŮ˵ȫӣƾż䣬
֪ŮӦþֶˣΣǸӡ̵
СѡҴʱʯһ㣬Ѿʼףź
שӣӴ 
ĵֻΡһӤʱڵңĻг̣һ
ڵңŮ֮ΪĵǣǸҳ̵ġ衹
Ȼʵеֶ𣬻ҾȻεʵеĸ׷ϵǰ
һֻðοԼһֱҾ 
ҶʼԼǲĳݵĸڣ˿֮
Щǰ治ĶҲѾܹΪһѧȥоˡǰڶ
ѧʱ򣬾һινǸĽڴѧĽǶ˵
Щ 
ĸķΪ˹ᡢ˹ױ˹ᡣͨ
ؽָ˵һϲĸһĸоĸᲢǰ飬
ڶĸ׵һ;һձкŮ
ĸᡣ󲿷˶ٶĳһĸᣬͯʱ
ڼ˶ĸᡣ 
˵ĸᣬֻһԵĶԸĸ׵ڳɳ
Ҫ𽥻Զ븸ĸҳʵʾԽңԶʱԽ
ԶǶԸĸԽڵ˼ĽӴ
Уϵõȫ߳ĸĻ϶ĵ·γԼ
ȦӺͽȡ 
ԭʼᶼз׵ԭɣЩڰбо
ȴԶֻǱʶ 
ҲϻǸڵĻٶԱԼȣϲĸһĸ
Σҿڰбо׽һԼĳɳ˵
ϲǲϲȻĸ׺ңҲܰĸףǶĸ
ӹϵǸ˵ĺҲô 
ǸǸڻ˵ˣ25ʱ򣬳ĸĸߣ
ĸһ˼ʹϵҲ緢˼ʹϵ
ź£ĸĶͻͬ
һˣЩͯڳɳпֹܳĳЩ⣬
ͥʵȣֻгɳĺӣпܻƽ˸ļǵĸԭ
ʼĸоڳǱʶȥѰָоĸˣ
ȽϲгʵŮԣһĳҵָоô
ԾͻΪǿʼͰĶ 
ҿµļˣΪҲòұȽϲ
ŮԣֲͣΪϲҴһ㣬
񲢲ĳֻּͥܽҵξΪϲ
ֶҴĳϵĸڣԻὫ͡衹
غϣĸһΣҽΪ˯ǰ뵽϶
顣 
ֹһᣬ÷źҴ³Էˣҷ·ҵ˼ʼ
𴲡ϴѾԳԷˡҳ˵
ϱ˯̫кӣҪ𣬱˴ߡ 
Ϊεĸ׵ԭ򣬲ҿԷʱҲԶһ
طڳţĲɵĻشţ֪ˡ 
ҺҵĳһЩڲܳٵԭĸ׵ߣû
ҵֻʱ·Сĵ㡣 
߳ţһڿ糿ٻ⣬
Ŀ˳źֱβ̼Ҵһ飬ѹֵҲƽ
 
˵ϲһطΪǸطסĳϲˣһʼ
ãڲòϣҼÿ춼ȲҪص 
Ϻ̲Ҷͯʱڳɳĵط֪ĹĳУ
ʴеĵλʹڱձռ죬ȻʧΪʿðյ
طᵽϾһƾʷǣĻ̺أҲʺ
סϧ飬⣬һй˵
ֲʹĽѵһҲĥɡ. 
ȻʵҲȻϲһطҲΪһ羰Ϊһ
÷£ΪһϤլ.ɽ죬ǰʽĵطҡ
һ˶ǣλҲһء..ĵ
·һͻ·ˡⲻҿǰ߲·ƺ͹ĵ߸ˣ
еģߴˡǣ̧гķ֣Ҫת
ۿһӰ߹ĵ̧̣ͷһۣ÷죬
֡˱ߣֻܿӰϤ־
̫ܣ˭һȥ÷ꡣҡҡͷһ̤Ͻ̤壬㲻ڵ飬
˸ָгɿĴͷβ 
                               δ
ھ 
һ·úܿ죬ûһ͵ˡͷҵģһг
ʵҲϡԭȻǾ˾˲֪Ūġãǰѧ
ᳵ··᫣ߵɽǮ˼ҵ
㡣 
ҽȥ֮ѳãֿ̧һֱ־Ȼˡ
һֱڰأֻɭϣդʽֻ˰ţ
ﻹľƾھɳɳϼػǹ 
ǹʵʿֱվſڣҲֵࡣڵҲ磬
ⲿţǶĺҹ໻ࡣ˳Źȥ
ͨѶڽӴ绰Ǿ˾ˡһᾡ˹ȥûҪ
Ӧúʲô˵ŵ绰ûдǰߡ 
칫ǰҷǹŵģΪıȽ磬Ƕû
ʱȴ洫˵ 
㣬ͦоô磬ǲûǿι
٬ 
ѽˣҼǿ֪ǲˣԽԽˡ
.ÿζǳ£ǲϲµġŻŤĻشš 
˵ӣһɡ˵껹ϷĽһ䣬
һСû͵ȥ 
ȥȥȥҲ١˵ͷСţû㣿
Ǳ仰ʲôܣûлشǽŻﷴʵ 
˵ʲôأʲôСţ˵ôǿҶӣɲҪ
˵ҪǱˣ˵֡ɬͻš 
㲻֣ģͱ𲻺˼ˣǵ
֪֪ˣ񶴲һе˵Żƽʱ
ɧƽʱͺǶ׽˿һ𡣡
ص˵꣬ЦǺǺýǲ
˵ġ 
Ҳûˡϲҡ仰Ƿϣǳ
ĳֹϵ 
ʲôճ㣬ǡ㡣
Ȥ˵㶼ôˣֲǸзĴŮ
˵ǵ˼˵ôŤ𡣡˵
ͷˮţɾʮ㣬ôǲÿ춼Ҫ㣬ɵ²
˴ 
ǲˮţ㻹ҾͲûСɹ 
. 
˵Ŀ̽˽˼ԣٴ⣬˵Ͳ
ùĨˣ˵ЩСỹ£һͣ
ҪҪ 
ǵءҼǶÿ϶Ҫʱ°ȥСһ
ȲˣӺҪҡصԺˡ 
ҲǣÿȥǸСĻᣬ²˴̼ˡ 
?Ļᣬ͵..  ˵껹ȡЦ
ҲЦһ£Թ԰ţżˣ
巢Ļܿ죬Ҳûмȥˡʱְɡ 
񲢲⣬ҲԹԵ˵ţЩСˣ˷
䣬ɫġǳζ֮󣬸ͣ˵
һ¡ 
ΪҪԻʱֻһ
ءûз֣ǴСһ￴ֶ
еɫɫġ 
˵ֶǷ뷨һ£˵
ҲûʲôˣһѪյˣŮ˲⡣
뵽Ķӣ˵з飬Ƿ˼кһ
ͻŮˡ 
Ȼô˵ôͶûȤУǶҲʱ
Ӷġ 
ⲻϻ˭˼ֶ𳤵ıҶƯ֮ģ˽֮ˡ 
˵Ҳǣ˵ҲС٣ôԵôƯ 
ɲֶզôˮģ˳Ļã
Ҳ˵ͽ˼ʡ˵ֻһת
˶˵ʮʮ绢Ȼƽʱͦģ˵û
Ƿ뷨Ҫ 
ķҪ˵һ㡣 
ķ棬Ǻһ𡣡 
ѽϴ𣬻˵ڵġҸ˵
ŮˣֻǱˣһ˴ϣǾĽޡ㿴Щ
ֱߵĸ߼Ůǣƽʱװģģ󸾡з³£
ӹšŪʫһɵĳȨĻɧһҿ
ֶҲ⣬ģʵȣһɧʮ㡣
Ůһ֣ͻᱩ¶ɣڴϣһ㻹Ҫ
. 
˵˭أҿ 
϶Ц 
ҷŮ˵ڰ칫ȻĻ
𾪵ǣϾȻĸ״ڣҵ˾ҵİ칫ң
ĸӡϻΪĸɻھȻУǶ
һƽһ˵ҷҵЩ߸. 
˵ԼˣȻᵽңȻʵҲûʲô
Ϊ֪ҶֶĸоȷԴһԭʼԳ嶯Ϊ
ıܣ֮ģ˽֮˼ 
Ȼֵ˵󣬻ֶ̣һ׵˼
Ҫ˵ʵȥˣֺ±Ƿ͵
˵˼˵룬Ȼװ˴к
˵˾䣬硣˵ͣһҲӣŽȥ 
ѾԼλáҽк
ͦ簡յƲĴкӦŪû͵ 
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ŶŽɵĺһȻůƿ˵ȥˮ 
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ҹʹĽſ˵Сڣȥ˿һ 
ȻȥϲҸ˹ȥѾϣҲ 
ãˣҸղȥڱһһˡ 
˵͵˵ŻҡҺҶӵ
ͱ֪𡣻͵ӵ顣ʱ֪Ҫ
ˡ 
ӱ¡Ҳûϵûִסǣ׻˵տ
ƾԱס 
˵ĺܶԣȻ֪ǵĳ£ҪǺͱ˵δ
ؾͻҡҡҡͷûǺ˵ʲôСĵֻȥˡ 
ҲһǰһĻˣʲôҲû󿪿˵ˣ
˵ƽʱ磬˾ǴҪǻңҿ
Ҫ˯ 
ǻлֲýӣֻĻӦ費
ٵˡ 
˵ҶûлˣҷɧǴЦң
¿ˮ̣˷ܣȻܡǶӺ
һүǻʲôҲЦĻӦǣ˴ղ 
ϵʱҲôһ»ᣬͳӰǺܿ춼ˡ˽
ŮҲ࣬ҿʼصλϸɸˡֱ
ֹһأҲע⵽ֶλǿš 
أֻȥʳӰ 
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˸ס 
ϣ˵ģǵ£ҪԱ㱨㱨ɣ฾
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ȥ 
СҿΪãԴΧһܷһ
Ůϣﲻ𡣡 
㣬˵ʲôء. 
ˡ 
 
˾ˣҡ 
˾˿һңֵͷд 
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ʾԱɳ 
֮Ҷæûʱ㣬Ķô 
ɡ 
Ҫ˾Ҫ£úøɣȡεĻᡣһ
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˵ɣҺô˾ˣʲôܰ㡣 
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Ҳܲšôоֶ𣿡˾̧£˼
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һŮ˴ܸɡǸо£ⲻ̫á
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˵ĻС𣿡 
ûУǰӦûôɡʵش𣬲ʵ
˾ǰҲʶ𣿡 
ô˾ǰ¡ 
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㻹ǻؼɡ˵仰˾Ҳд꣬˸ֱʡ 
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Ҳܵĵصѡ 
󣬾˾ֶܲҪͲҪͶԷгͻõ뱾ҵͽ
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ΪͷбҪȥ˾ûںЭˣ
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ĸֻõͷ˯ǰֶĪҪͻ
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ɡ 
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һǰץһڵڲԱΪ˻ʱ
鱨նһ֮ӥ1937괺죬
ϧǣûԼˡС˵ˡ 
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ǰмͷץһʣ֪ˡ 
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С޽Ż㱨ΪԼŮԣԺ仰˵ĺܼࡣ 
Щǲ²пܴĵطһ
ĺ¥һںɽ·Ϊڵһطпܡ
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ƾǰĲ֪·ǱһĵضΣ¥ܶ࣬
Ǯ˲סĵطҲʾͬ˵иǰͬѧǱߡ 
ֵ𣬱綼ʲôȺΪ¥ʲôص㣬
о⸽ǵ𣿡ҿźȦĵط˼
 
ûע⣬йϵ𡣡СܲΪʲôҪ
ʣȴûлش 
ˣĿǰ˽ҲֻЩΪͷ
ҪǹûԼˣ޷㣬Ҳ
֪涨¡˵꣬˵ˡô
ҪǵˣǷģһȫǵġ 
Ȼֻ֪һصһţϢޣһȥ
һǱ߸Ҳȷǲ֪Ҫõ
뱾飬ȻǻܣǲȽϺáҲǵ
Ǵʱ֪ܲǵʵݣҲȷǵ
ҲǱպ 
˵ʵҵҲ֪ô죬еϢҲֻһطһ
šһƬһְҵҪҵֶҲ֪
ʲôҲ֪֮ΣգԺ񡣡
 
Һһȥ˵һ仰 
ãֻȥģûΣյġΣ۲컷
黹еס 
ֻǰԸ£֪ǵʵݺ͹ϵʶȤĿ˿
ǣλСֵ˵ĶԣŪ˵ͷİɣﲻ
ǵĵ̣һڰмֱǵġ˵ձ˺ò
񣬴أȻ鷳¶ݵġ 
Ӧһḻˣ˵ĺӦûб£ֽ˵
ǿԾסΪŵ㣬Ͳûˣù˲࣬
ȫ֮ǲע⵽ǡĵûУԺ
ȥ硣˵ŻŴķָָµ
簵šнԴĵ绰˵ֽдһ
ҪǼ¡ǽ׼õļһ£ǹӵ
ǣһõϣҪעⰲȫ 
֮Ҫȥˣ֮߳ǰСԸ˵
ûȥһˣһġַԸСޣ㰲ǵĳס֮
㾶ֱ¥ȥˡ 
ùݺȻһ㣬ҲˣҲһݵ㡣С޺
ĸǰ˷䣬סһ俿ӡȶ˵ס
ߵӡȻְķ䡣ˮҪȥȡůˮƿ
Ŵ˵ֿ˿ŲҪϴ
ĻȾͷתǡ˵껹ķָָָ
ϴĵطǹõģŶӡģס˲ࡣ 
ԷĻǮӦԼܽĻͦܵҪ
仹һԲǹ벻ͳµġС޸
ŵסһγ£о⣬ұСҪߡ 
ֻʱұסĻԵñȽݷǵһγ
£ҪעⰲȫһЩƤĻҲͬ˵Եʣ˵
ĻȽϷŵĿĩݰ֮ǰǵǹһѸҡ 
һʵôţҲʲô˵飬
˾Ӧһ£⻹㲻ʲôҶԼһš˵Ӧ
Ǳģˡ 
·ϳˮڵεĹϵĵ·ȻȲϺϾ
УΪǨԭлǵõһĿϾȴ
֮ȫصĸʼ㼯ڴˣˣȫ濹սγ֮
󣬸Ҳ˰´սֵ󣬷˹ͬ˳
֮󣬸Ҳ쿪ʹݡһʱ䣬˱ȲϺ
ѾչΪһһĴС 
֮󣬴ͳʽܵĺܴӰ죬Ľһ
ΪשṹֽṹǿؽṹǽȲש
¥塢塢ܵȲøֽṹĽṹ
ʹÿռ䣬ǿ˴¥ļԡ 
Ľ죬˽й
Ӱ죬ֱй崫ͳĽɫҪ塢ŵ
塢ͳйʽʽͳʽִɵȡ 
Ϊ·иߴｨҪƫʽ񣬶
Ǹֽṹֻ¥֣ձ齨̨ͤ¥ʽ⸽¥
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ֵһΪ淿סˡһ·߻Ƿ
ҽԺϷԺٻ¥ȻһţϺۺֳ
û뵽ŹǨ쿪˷ֵꡣȻһ·ϣҲܿʱֵļ
ŮȱľЩƤˡ 
飬·ϾһñӴͷϣڸ۲
һᣬҺС˸ 
һַ̾ڴˣʺϸ鱨豭
Сһɤӣ˵ 
ɲ˶ĵط©뼸ڵز̫Զ
ԱӦò١ҽоƽһУ첻֪
ϦһӦòǮӦҪĺһЩźʡСҲĵĽŻ 
ض˶ˣ˵ˡˣһ·Ĳɵӣ
ʲô鲻 
ɱˣҼСӷ£׼ȥˣ֣Ҫҳ
æ;ֵ˵˽棬ҪȥһˡСɧƵ˵̧
һֱֻȻűԹ˵⾯ֵĹˮ治׬Ҫʮ
󣡡 
ٲ°ɹʰУæȥɣҵûԼȥ 
ϣȹȥҲ⼸գͷʲôҪڽҡ
˵Сˡ 
ŲСıӰԽԽԶ±Ҳæñ
ˡ 
ʱüưûԶҽһξ룬ȥ 
ѰǧٶȣȻȴڵƻɺڸղźȲʱ
ŲǸϤ˶֪ΪʲôطҲ
ɺϣҪȥŪ±˷֡ԸղŲ֧С 
Ӻ濴ڳϵˣֻܿҲһÿĻɫñ
ư·˴ִһСȻյһֱĽֵϡ 
ں治ĸţʼձһξ롣֪ǲǴ
оǰ·еϤֹµϵãⲻÿȥ
ؾ֮· 
÷죬ֲϿǸӰϤû뵽ֶ𡣻ư
ڸ÷бԹͣŮ˴һŰɫ滨ۣŵ
ӳ 
һʱеñӣȻǮư뿪Ŵ
һҲ׼õ·Ȼֱ÷ȥ 
ƺˣ̫߸߹𵫲ȣྻգм
Ʈ΢Ů˵°ڣ¶ֱ毺õİȣǰ޹һ
ֻһƯӰȻʧڲ÷ 
ڵ߸˺վһᣬҿʱȻѾˡ̴С
ľơԱ˵ȴΪȻỺ￴
滹һСšߵűСĵĿȥһ£ûƿ
Ҳ֪ôģҲֻǺֶ 
ˡˡ 
Բס˿͹٣Сȣ첻ӻˣɡһᣬ
ŲæһŮ˵ 
ˡˡ 
⣬ȥ..һ..洫һ΢
һᣬŲ 
֨ѽһſˡ 
첻ӻˡ˾Ŀңŵһֲֻûɿ 
˭˭ġһƿţٶҲǰ
ŵˣеŵ˵ʻ 
ǰĶҲֶ 
裬Լˡе㾪ȺҶţңе㵡
㡭ô 
С֣ʶ衻ˣҲǲ֪룬
׹Ҳʼһתɵ˭
ô֪ 
ȻӦǱߵһ㣬ΣӦڡͷ
ĵǵ飬ҲܻʹĲһεĵط 
ˣǶԣһֶһεĴҿʼΪҵ
³çе 
Ҷ󡣡ŤĿ˿ңҴ˸ɫֿ
衣һûü֯㱨 
ֶ˵ŵĿ˿ֶֿ˿ңƺ뿴ʲô
 
Ҳ֪ʲôϵҲ֪ݣȴϡϿҵ˵
ҺֶʶˣϲԣİɣҲ˵ȥġ 
ҵķӦƽʵʵ˵ 
ɻЩ 
ֶأЩ˵Ļƺִ㯣
Σȴײĺһ£ʾһеʵס 
ģ˵ȥġϾȥ˵ץ
ҵߣĩֻͷ˵һ仰Ǹ´ٺ˵ 
                              δ
ʮһ 
˭ģ˵˭ġʻ
÷̣ߵһƾ˵ӣͣ˽Ųһ
ͷҡ˭һ𡣡 
ǰŮ˴һ˫ɫ߸Ьһˣңͷ
ϵĹñȻ˫ֽڻһ˵ӡû˭ָʹ
Լһġ޹ءŮ˿ɲÿæ
ʵ˵Ը¡ӦҲ֪Һ;˾ƽʱô
Ȼġ 
ô㡣 
Ǹղﲻ˵𡣡ҵĳȻףҶ˵ǰ
ȫģ˵ϲ㰡ô˵
ѡ 
֪ղ˵ĻϷû뵽һ֪
Ϊ뵽˵黰Ů˵ʹæһڡСå 
ĳ˵ĲǼٻǰ֣ܹҵĿ
תʵô֪طġ 
ŶҸղڽϿˡ 
ң 
ǰĿ˶ٴηŭæ͵Ǹ٣ҸղڲݺȲ裬
ưպÿ㣬ⲻ㲻ȫ𣬾ͳһ
·汣ˡ 
УһëͷСӣ뱣ҡ֮ǰĽ˳
ָԭԵһ档 
ؼҰɣﲻʺ㡣ĻȰ٧͸©˿į 
ˣ˵˰죬һ֪ô·һȰ
ңæ⡣ 
޹ء 
һʲôˣȻҲǺɡ 
Ǻ˰ɣҪʲôõóֵϢǺ
ĻУмԱ 
ȻеģƬҪҪ˵Żӿ
ͳһƬֽðƬ˰֡ 
û뵽ҲŸ˳ȻŮʣһҪᣬ
ķӦһģûõ 
ûжᵽƬظе㼱٣һϸܵĺӾ
ǰأʧ¶ѩŲ۾ٿͮͮСһ
˵ӣòˡ 
ȻиҪѭѭյļ˵ 
ղŵĲ÷̣㲻˵ɡ 
£ǶȻͱ˵ġǡ˰û
ʲôۣ׼Ҿͻ˵©ˡҪǺ߿ң
ӦþͲˡ 
ɽ 
ƶĻֲû뵽ˬľͬˣŮ
һб츳ġ 
Ըҿ˰ɡ 
ţȻĿĴﵽҲͲҴţĶ˹ȥ 
ӹ֮СĽֽ̯ȴûзƬǿһ
Ǧ裬׹֮ǰһûʲôƬ
ƭҡ˵껹ðҪһ¡ 
ֱ۵סûƭ㣬ϵˣˡҽ
ֱ۷£ֽӹ裬Сĵ۵·Ž˿ڴ
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ǻҿɲס 
˵ĿİûԼжƯ𡣡ǰŮˣ˫
峺ˮë䣬üϸȾ˿ں촽޷Բû
κ覴ã˵ʱ¶˵Сѣ˿ʵİɫ廨۳гȵ
ģͷһñ֮ǰûʥţʱк
Ϣ 
ҾһƷһĿȥ
ӡֱֱĶ¶ЩȻĺΣų
׵һ̣Ҷˡ 
æһ磬û뵽ѾˣԼҲЩˣϽ˵
ãԷ 
ҪԴ֪͡ǲĶˣҪңҪ
һ١ 
û⣬ֻҪ룬ҶԸ⡣ߣҴȥһطķ˾
θڡ 
ߴŮȥԷǽлưɣ߳Сӣ㿴·ߵȴ
Ͽ͵Ŀճư 
ˣˣ͹Ҫȥ׼ʱ͵ 
ˣ· 
ϡ͹ϳ 
ʿҪҲܾҽӹֶ
ַ֫ϳȻԼҲ˳ߡ 
ϵ˿ʼ·ߵˡ̯׷ɢȥ
·˵赲Сɿų 
ưαѧУҪСһţȥֻպϡ
ҵֱ۽壬·᫣ֱʱʱĻ֫
ҺֶһΣû뵽ڻưϣϵʹ˳
Ե׹ƶˣʱԴֻһ뷨ɢȥ
ߵĵϡ 
ĸôͬЩ顭㱾ڼүʳ
ǣαЩˮءڳû뵽ȿ˿ڡ 
Ҷˣ裬ɹܲҡѽͲϲ
ϲʲôүĳƺѵ˵ЩƽҲĻ
һõļͥһҵĸסǱ
˲֪Ҽʵһӣү˵ĻڼԽԽã 
˾ǹҷӣֱħǸ뻯ˣ
װ£ʼղԸ˶˵Ҳ˿˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ˵
Щ 
أʲôˡ 
ѽҿѱɣأھͺá 
СӣȻûôǷǡ 
󣬲ͦ𡣶ˣ㶼֪СʱжƤء˵
 
 
⻰ǺһƤζ档˵ЩҶЩģ
ҵǺеһˣҰ޾ 
ˣ㸸أôû𡣡 
ûиס 
ţ 
費˵Ҵû˵˻쵽طˣ
ˣղҪ˵ʲô顣 
޹ء 
˵ɴ࣬ãŮĪҪԣֻܼװõȻҪ
ӦóⲻִС㣿 
ߣһٷ򷢱ϢҲֵ̫Ǯ˰ɡ 
㻹 
֮ǰ˵һһ 
ʲô˵һԶҵӣҿŮҪˣʲôıơ 
㶼֪ҽĴæΪֹ֯϶ûü
ţ԰ҵסû䡭 
Ǽ򵥰ϣ⡣֪ôģһΪ
ʲôıƣԭǲұҪģ
⡣ 
˵˰ɡ 
ʾҿЩҶ˶ԴС쿿ңҶ
߰ 
˿ģʽ㲻ͬȺҪ⻹ҵһκ
ԳԷ̻ʣȫŮеӣеЦ 
ϵȲˣţźһȡ 
ЦݷһֱڶԷӣӺһ
ĩ˻Թһ䣬Ѱˣʱʳ¡ 
˱ӣʱݹȥӹȥĿȣƳ
Ƴ㶼֪ϾûԷˣæ˰죬ﶼˡ
˵֣˺һŽ 
Ҫ߿һĳ޲˵Ҫػ
⡣һʶׯòڵŮĺѰŮ
ԱһҲŲǻõŮˣĲѰҲ
Ѿ߹Ѱ˵һ 
׿ݣҲһҪҪչˡҪͥͨŮӣ
һ֮ġ 
һһּŲ˵ʱҶ𵶲棬ţţ
ԣٵ㡣 
ˣˡʣԶ׷֡ 
㲻󣬴Դȵģ˵仰ֱҪҶˡŮ˰
⣬һһĹûʲôˣ
˭ء 
ݷ𿴴ҵ˼ΪŮ˴Ǹ
ģ 
Ǹʲôֻ֪ڻţŮ˵
ԣ֪ 
ɵСӡֺ˿ڿȣǵ汥˶ӣ
˵˼ղΣҲԡ 
ҲʰϵĲо֣˳Էܿ죬һᣬ
Ķͱˡ 
˵˵ûôšҸ㣬ҿǺܺô򷢵ģиɾ˯
طкóԵľͺˡ֪ûطȥǿҵС
˼ܹݡ 
ϵķ˲죬վҪȥˣŸղһֱ
ڴȤңҲĴ˵˾ƤĻ߱ǣСұ֤
ֹ⡣ 
Ȼһҵǲ⣬ֶܱȣ
һȥС֣뵽Ǯûֻҵݹ
ס֡գɷҲҵС˼ 
ϰˡò˵װƵĳɱеߣٷļ۸񲻷ƣ
ĿǰĹʣ治ԼΣãʱ˾˲˱ʾѸҡ 
λ͹ߡ 
߳˵ţָݺݵһָȻһ˦ҵ֣
ǲĵղǲӡ 
һ¸ղͻ˼ˣæĽ͵Һ
ǵģ㻹˽Ǹֶ𣬲ֹС㣬
Բ𡣡 
ߣ⻹ࡣǽ˵Ǹ˵ĸ
æҲý㣬ҽͽ̽㣬ҪסˡŮ˿ɲϲḡ
ˣƯŮˡ 
˵ֻ֮һתֻҪԸôˬ򵥣
ʵҲƽ̫ˣֻҪֶŵġ֪ٷ˲
Ǯֻǲ֪ⶼǾ͵ģΪԸġ 
û뵽㻹ôһ档ʱ·ߣڻûס
˵ҶĸĹۿҪǽ㣬һΪǸƺ
« 
ǹ²˵ô˥𡣡 
ڴʱȫһ治֪һʵ㡣 
ֶ֪˵ǣڴЦתࡣ㻹
µɵСӡÿ˶кܶˣ㿴Ҳһġ
ǰңҲһΪŶ˵껹ǺǺǡ
ĶЦǸصŮˡ 
컹ҵһκһͬһ𣬰߲Ľˣż
Ͼɵг·ߵĻư˻ڲͣĺţֵԹ
ڷҡҷҺһһҵţƽ 
ȥİ·ϣ 
סĵط 
ŶԶ㣬컹ؼ𡣡 
Ҳȥһ顣룬һʵ˵ˣˣ˵ط
Ҳˡ 
ǣѾͷĲҲ˵˵껹Ц
һΪֻỨû뵽ҲƭˣСˡ
ӣӦǲ֪ԵɣҲȥϸ˵ЩǴˣ
֪˵˷鷳ȴҺĹϵ 
뵽ǵݣһһ°ɣȻ֪Ϊʲôƺ
УϾһӪˣ㲻Ҳڰɣ 
⣬Ӧˡгд㡣 
ʵһһطԶһŵӣǵطƫ
֪ԸԸȥһ£ѯʵ 
Һƫĵط㣬ҿһȥɡ 
ȻЩ飬ҲûҪȥôࡣҪǣ
ûܳҵȻԸҺһҸ
סһ 
                              δ

 ʮ 
һ·ϣܾʲô£вʣû뵽쵽
ʱȴһ֪⸽е绰𡣡 
ûаɡƾż룬Ӧϱߣ˵
ûС̲סʵ㻹Ҫ˭绰𣿡 
绰ȥ߳ӰзҪĵ룬ҪעЩĻ
еĲɣҲ˵ǲģǱǱߵ
ʲô֯ԼĹ涨ûҪ˵ 
ûУǰмҵ̣е绰֮ǰĵ
̣˵ 
д绰ĵطƺһЩּӿ˲
ߵ˵̡ʱָչ֮طͲ
ʲôصסĵطԵʱûпˡ 
һ˽ȥˡŰɣܿġǰһ
ȥסңȻתͷԸ 
̬ȺܼðһλеĪֲܲҲ
ʲôҪͳӰ˵ֲ֪ 
ͲľǡҾվûн 
ҵı⣬Խȥߵ˵绰ԣ͵Сʾһ£
Ȼס˵绰ֻһӰҵĽǶֻܿһֱֻ绰
һֱֻ۰ڶڲš 
Լ֮ŷ˵绰Ȼ󿴵ڰ
ǮСҿ棬ֻܿĶǮȻ󿴵С
˵ͷ 
Ǯ˳ɱģԽԽ󣬴һ绰ѣ
ȻԪǮû뵽һƿڱԹ 
ǸǷǳʱڣɲ𡣡һǾӦ
ˣ˵ڴнˮưڴ绰ɡ
ȻǹڴõнˮǿԱӦҪ߲٣ǰ
 
ҵнˮ𣿡Գһͣ˵һ
ˣҪԷҲҪͿõǮʲô..㸻ӵܣ
Ȼףˡ. 
˵ȥҼʱˣѽͱ̭ˡ
ʵҸղŻ˵ǣ󸾴磬廨˿ۣƹñˮɫ
߸Ьлױͼ۸񲻷ƣûǮ˭ءһû˵Щ
ҵ˻⹥ңʵ±˵ǸӵܡֺСȣ
硺ӡ֮ࡣҳϸղ˵ˣǸ 
֪ͺá 
ԺܲܲҪҡϴסˣҲſ
ʼ˵Ļ 
ô֣ſڲãóǿ˻
ϻӣ㶼֪Ϻܶζβ㲻ỹ֪
ɡ 
뵽ȥˡҼҲЩЩǮƣܾ
ЩҵģҲڼһӣջҪƾԼЩ
ҵﻰֻƽʱû˿˵ 
ʳɲһ׵顭Ȼʹ
̬֮࣬ףҲûоԣ
ͺáһ䣬ǰοҰɡ 
˵һЩŹĵʵˣҪȥģ·ˣ
𣿡 
ˣˣ̺õб棬ҲͰʮײһ
͵ˡ 
Ѿˣǰ棬϶¥ 
ǸŮģʱҼݡ֯ë
£Ϊ˹áֶǰţŮ˼İˣ뿪ڣ
ҲˡʱңȻϵңּҺǰŮ˵
ֹסҪ˵Ļ 
תζĿһҺֶȻЦſڵСάޣ
ã͹ϿҪС㣬ĪҪŪ.. 
ղ˵ʲô˼ҡȻֶҲע⵽ˣ
¥ݣС˵˳ 
ʣִĻ֦չһһŮҴõ꣬˵
Ϊɶ㡣Զǿ˰ֶˡŮд
ҲԼ˵ 
ҿ㲻⣬Żİɡһ䣬
ռұˡ 
ˡ 
˭ 
ҡ 
֦ѽһű򿪡ֶǰȥںȥȻš 
鳤ȻҲ벻Ҵʱֶһ𣬾Ȼ
ùݡ 
·ģһˣһ֡æ 
˳·ģŰɡһˣֶûղô
Ȼˣ˵Ҳн 
ģ鳤ڣ˵񻹺ЩҶΪ˿ա
˵ĵǴʵ 
ԶԶԣҶΪ˿գСӡҲڸ͵ 
鳤İֶȻ󿪿ʵ
鳤ǱʲôϢ𣿡 
ȻСһΪĺܿû뵽˵ԭǺ
һҲ֪ǱûиϢֶǱߣòײ
õ鱨Ū˶Էŵ㡣 
Ҿ֪鳤˺Ϣ 
֪𡣡ɷнµ˵ 
֮ǰ˵𡣡 
û뵽ֵġ.. 
Ȼ֪ˣڻôնԷжȽϺá
˵Ǹطû뵽ȴֶһ仰ˡ˵
֪˵طּƬǿԹ۲һ֣ôݾߡ 
˵Ķԡ 
ǽô졣֮⣬ӦǼȻͺð
£ֻùݣվǰ첻顣 
ҶˣڸҸӡֶ𲻻Ųæ˵ 
⡣ڹ۲ĵطӾͺˡϾ
Ҫ뱾Ů˵뷨һ 
粻˳١ֶʹ˵һ䣬Ȼ黹Ҫ
 
ףȥ졣˵ҾվֱһʱԶģ 
ҪҪҺȥĵʵ 
Ҫһ˷㡣˵һûطȥ
һ°ɣҪǻˣȥԷ 
İɣû⡭עⰲȫ 
Ҳǣû뵽Ÿһˣ绹ҪȥҪ
ɣ˭ۺСӸأƿűȥǸֶ߳
͸תͷ˵ʲôֹңȻߵҸǰС
ҵҪ˵Ϣй©𡣡 
סû뵽Ů˲˳ƯԴҲ顣˵ι
ǰˣʱҲΣ񵳸鱨ԺųƣҪ˵
ʲôر֮Ǿǵ͵Ĳס 
¥֮ǰĺ룬Ҵ˸绰ȥڳȥⷿӣ
컹治ңҵʱ䣬ԻҰֱȽϺáȻֻǺͶԷ˵
˸ţû͸¶ԷҲֻΪڽҸŵѡ
ĩˣ绰˸ַǵţзȥҡ 
Щ˸ЩȻУҸղŲź˵ϵһ
Ҵ·ʱ䣬ѾڵطˡҲ⣬
ͳضͨϰոϢȻҷûô鷳 
Ҳ뾡Ŀշȥ׬Ǯ˵֮ܿ
飬˷֮ףҪôǴٹˣҪôǵϲƣȻ˭
᲻һֱҲãûܣķ
պ÷ҵҪ 
ӦǸش裬˵һƫϷԵĻܿʹ˷
Ӵձ˴ʼⷿӾһֱûסˣذ
Ӹɸɾģÿ춼Ͳߣжд. 
죬ձֹôõķӣŶϧ
κã㲻ס˺ձɶϵҺ˵Ż 
֪ҼͷǰҲǴģսɵǰ
ȥˡձ˾ŷɻըҾܵȥˣһ
࣬ۿͲˣŻ׷ȥ
ʱڣﶼûǮôסʹ˻࣬
ʱת⣬Һ˵ˣ⸽ҵķ͡
Ӻӻֳɵģ͹Ҳɨסһ⡣
һŷӻһָɳӿ޸ּҾȫ 
ǼȻһףôֻһţǸղŽţһ
ӻ治һ͹á 
ǿҵʣæ͵ǸԽ֣
˵һף˵¥¥һ׷䣬¥Ƿֿģ
СʲôӰġ 
ӦǸϵˣ֪Һһģ
˵Ůס÷ΪǷͬסġ˵Ż¥
ݴߣſڿĵطһ¥¥ϡ 
¥Ϻ¥µĲƣ¥ϱųң¥ǳԷõġ
˵ʵҼȣʵ̫ª˵㣬ĵط
ҲΪ󻯣Ҿȫ󣬶С˵ʵҲܲ
ˡ 
ҿһ´λãǰУǰŴ֣һĲ¥
λòҾúܺʣֵñֵĺƽ⻧һ㿪ѯʼ۸
ˮˡ 
Ȼ˽ģҾͲǮˣЩ㿴ɺʡ˵
Ʊ˸۸񡣼۸Ǻܹģ֮ǰ˾˻һʾѸǣ
һñֵĺҪۣҲȻһƣһۡ 
ûұļ۸񣬶ǼķӺʩĩ
ֲ˵ˣҺ˵ⷿӲҪ䣬Ҫضκھӡ
˵ĵض˺ӣʲô߰˶СҺ˵ڼҲ
ǺסΪ֪Ҫҽ촩
ʽ˵㣬װüĴ壬Եཡ׳ֲʧ
ȻҲ۲쵽һ㣬Ļ˵˵ʼ
⣬ҪǸһ㿴вС˵ֱȻ
һ¡ 
ҿʼȷˣֻҪװһſ۵ģôһ˵Ҿ
øеˣϾ˭Ҳ͵ƦåھӣҪǻ˺£
ǿɵòʧҲִʾܡЭʼ˵һЩ
ļҳˣ˵˸ĸֳ񷹵ꡢƵꡢ硢ȹݡ
ٻ̵ȵȡ.ϸ˵һ 
Լסĵطʲôϵʱ
 
ĩ˷һԿףΪм˽ܣҲһƱ
Ǯʲôʱû˵ʲôʱֻǽ
˵ȥ£׼ƷΪǣһٱ֤ᾡ
һЩġ 
Ǹ˵ˣΪҺܹ˼ңֱǸˣֿ̫̫һ
Ưÿɷ񣬲֪ν𣬸ɴ಻˵ˡ 
˷ϵ飬Ҽװϸӣ˷Ȼ
һҲ뿪 
ʱҪļ࣬ĩʱڣ˽һ£
̫Ѿɽ 
Ƴϣ·ϵ˴Ҵң°˶ŻؼңҲа
ˣ̯ϻȥ͵ƹҡҷ·ϵĶͲڷҡڣ
ùݵС纰ɤߺ⣬Ļư˿ſ˴
ǷĺʱڣֻҪ۸пɣʱʱ˳ 
ţԼҲˡҲӦóȥԷˣ
ҪڻȥǸϲˣԽһݡʳʳܱ
ϵĿ죬Ҫˣһͷ¶ǣҼ۸񻹱ˡ 
ݳʱѾȫȥһ·ߣԽ
Ĵ·һխһС֣·ֱżʳСƳ
̣ȷȥ 
ԶС̯ҳҲһˣ֪ûгԺã
ұ㻨˵Ǯһõİ׼ҹҲá 
û뵽һ·ȴ˵С 
խƹ谵յţû뵽ڵС㣬
䲻󣬱һҪСϼСӴ˳ 
·ҿԣҪ··ơ 
⼸ǿźóԵģϸˣ
֮һ䵥ģԾҺöԸ 
Ҳֻ֪ʱֿܳݹ
᾵ӰϢҪģûļǰߡ 
վס.ߡ 
£һC߸ͷҪҵ·˵ʱʱ죬
һץס֣һɨȣѾ˵ϡʣµļ
ƺ£İڳƣ˭Ҳȿ 
һϡ 
һֱ˵ˣǵСͷͷ⼸˾ͺ·һ
ϣƽʱ۸·˵ķӣһϣ۶ѡ
ȺŹ־ѵֶԣֱͷ 
ѽ.ۡ..һʱǾͶſ˵ϣʹ
ʱ 
磬еǴ򲻹߰ɡ. 
ǣĲ.ͷͷˣһ˫ڵϣ
̾ĵûãûá..˵˵Ϳȫû
˸ղŵļơĳмʹ 
ͿڴﻹʣԼĪ10ʱȥ֧һˡ
С￴һҪС꣬£ѣ
ֶ˼ǰ 
Ǵ󡭡ǰ˶ˣǹƳô󣬻ûԬ
ͷɶһ˻ѧӣҧ£ģǴ󣡡 
лл磬лл硭.ذĲˡлл
硭. 
Ҫߣ뵽ʲôعͷͷģʵ
ʲô֣ 
磬ҽСԶҵܵܣСġ 
ԺٵĻ𣿡 
ˣˡ. 
벻ҷݻǮ㰢β 
롣 
Сֵܣ㿴ֽô·٣׬Ǯ 
롣ǣȥǮ˽ӻ.. 
еǰȥսĹݳ˵ҽܵˡ
ƺǷһ飬Ǳ˳ˮ 
ǣô֪.ʲô֣Ҹô˵. 
סġ 
ˡ..лл硭. 
                             δ
 ʮ 
ҲսӰ죬ҲǱģù壣̨ķӻ
ܶסġ̨һС̨¥ݼӴһС壬
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׼Ϣˡ 
˵¥¥ȥ¥˳¥类ŵķ䣬¥
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һҪٿһʱȴˮҹ
ܽźнһԵšҺѰˮǰ˼
ȾͷһС䣬ɢ΢ƹ⣬̧ͷͿϵ
֡ϴ跿˳ңִһˡӡ 
ϴ跿ͲǸģʱԡȴһСڣ͸ĵƹ⣬
Դŵ׿ȡСùݣʩûϣʧޣ
ӵסšſе𻵣ŹصĲʵ¶
һϸ죬ˮˮϴŷɢ 
͸ŷ죬ҿһģεӰǰ˼Ǻһ
欵Ů˱ǰխŷܵˮӰ죬ҰǺ
ϡܿ壬ŮжԺĺڷʱ˿Щң
˿Ů˵ձԵϴڶͣԹزͱա 
Ů˵޳ѩļϣҪλ͹¡ֻ
⿪㷢ƳһȻһư״Ҩˮ
һ¡˫ֿʼֱٴˮϴ󣬲Сĵķǰ
ˮʪͷ׵һԷ鷿ϡ 
ʣҲ̫ܿŮ˵ֻǾŮκֶ
࣬ԽĿ񫣬Ǳסһ۾벻
⾰͵ŮϴǲԵģ̲סĹͷ͵顣 
ŮУһ˵İ鷿鷿
ʱŮ˵ǰֻͬ񵹿۴鷿Ķ
ӣ٣ȻͦǮҴСϡƵİ׳ƹ£ϡ
ͷɫ毺ã͸죬һŮֹϵĺ﷢ϡ 
Ů˵ӱһܺã˶鷿û˿´ļ󣬷ʮ
㣬ˮĳϴǰ󶶶鷿Խͦϸ޳Ľ
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ҿŮ˵ǰֿ⻬ѩɫԼİ鷿
˵ͷ׸СԲİƨɣһ˫޳Ĵȡ
ŮļΪˣҲǰϸۣʵŮеļƷ 
Ů˲ʱҨˮϵĸλϴҵŮ
ɨӣֻŮ˵˫֣ʱϸ֫ͻԲβ
ϻĻ˫ֵߣÿһ֣΢΢İ
ֵ 
β֫Ů˵ϸС֣ڿʼزλȥ
Сֵ»ҵҲߣֱˮϢ֮£Լ¶һ
Ĩɫҵ߲Ҳûƿ 
Ů˵ʮֽ۱һĨϡɫȵĸϣ
ëѱˮʪʱĹϡŮĨë˼
£΢΢ķֿ˫ȣ˳»ˮŮ˵С˼Σ
ҪɾŮ˽١ 
屻ضСֵסֻСֶļ϶ԼŮ
һ˿֮ءֱ˲ӹȥλ谵ĵƹ£ʵ޷ȫ
УֻƾӡжϳŮ˵Ѩǽ۵ķۺɫ 
ȻĲ񫣬ӾϵĿӿлҵĿ˲֧
񣬵һ룬ҪҪŷٿһʱûȴ˷ˡ 
˭˭˵ʱѾ˷ţ˵ʱ
 
˵ϴ跿ˡֶˣҾȻ
˵˹⾰˷궯ӿҵԺҪڶ
һᣬҲܿ˵ĵطˣĿʱ
ʱҲûʱ˼ʲˣҵĲֶˣȻһ
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ɱ˵ϲ·պͳˡ 
ˡֶע⣬ĵʵ 
ꡣҶһƣʾʱҪ˵ƻ
ֶǰ 
һ뵽͵ֶ𣬾;ñŤֶ棬Ҫǻ
ԼһᱻȥŮ·Ҫ
ڡûǲ˵ΪãŶǷˡ
壵ֻ˵ˣû˵ġ 
һͺáԴ˱ʾ֪ˡ 
˵ЩȥҴʱǱץʲѱһ
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ֽ֪˳ĺÿƯҲû뵽һﹷ
ҲһΪ˼ص㣬û뵽ҲǸɫ֮ͽ
ѡ..Ĺ񫣬ǰһûŮϴ裬ǲǾ
׬ˡ͵Ůϴ裬ǵͽӲܸɳ飬
.ҸŽͿʼʱıƽʱ
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˰·ˡⲻճͱ㿴ˡ֪
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óһŵչһЩҲھ£
ˣҲûк˼ҿɲǰСˡ˵
㻹еģξˡҿҪǱֽ㷢֣ҹ
ˡ.һûҡ 
һСᣬֶӦϴ裬ߵſڡ 
ϴ裬һɵĺɫӳǴͲ㣬̤
һ˫Ͼͳˡû˽µ˾ԣزų
ȻԵøʱ˳ϸ¡βߺ޳˫ȣ
̵ͦĸˣһͷ󣬸Գŵʡ 
ʱһһëһֻһůˮƿվſڡ
ϴ裬Сڲסںֱۣ¶ࡣϴȥ˳
ʱС죬תͷ̲סĶ࿴˼ۡ 
ûתͷֶľٶȻע⣬û
ͷûԵ˵˿ڡֻεջߡ 
ֶŹŹֵǣӦû֪ղŵ飬ֵֻĽůˮƿ
űߣȻȥ˽ȥ¶ڡزʵϣ
ʵᱡԲȥвְķɫ¶ 
ƺʹҲֻúĲڵһ¡ò˵
ղ˵Ķɫ 
ҵûСҵ۾ʱʱϣԲ
˵˵߷裬Ȼϴȡ˸ë 
Ұ£ǾͷİɡҺˣʱԡ 
ȡ˸ë㶯һ߽ĺڷǰãһŵ
ߡͷ취Ūɣ˯ʱһͷ
ڱȻһһƵĲǰϵСĲɣŮ˶ǰģ
һŮʱԴԼķ˿ԴһƷ 
СᵽŻء
Ϊ黹ܵ佱û뵽Թˡ 
ɵ㷢ǰҷͷҵһοʱƺֳ
һЩʱѾܹȫĸסһԱ鷿 
ⷿҪȥģҷֿӾͻ˵ʱ䡭·ϣ
ԵĴǵҹӣⲻģ
ЩԾ͵Ļеˡ˵ǲỹû
ɡ 
֪ʳеġģͷ
Ȼԡ 
ɱϹһˡһָ˵Ż
һóСóųԡ 
ֻɻĿ˿ûپ⣬Ҳȥԣ
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ΪǽĴ࣬ڻȷǲǿߵġ
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̸£Ҳ˵Լĵļ⣬
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ˣûкʵóȻȥҪǸ˿ɾͲˡ鶷죬
Լ 
ԣȷҪһǡɣһҪһݣҪ˾
һȻȻ飬Ų˵ע⡣ҲڸŸ
һû÷Ļû뵽ʲð취˵
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԰УʱҪһȥĻһ˻չ˲
ȥĻĿ̫󣬺һͻ⡣ȥĻǾֻҺ
ˡ˳Ż 
ֽ㣿֮ǰΪ͵֣ûмƽʲʱĿڳ
ΪֽˣƺѾȥҲûʵ 
ᣬҿ𡣡ֶҵʣŽĿ
вĻش˹ϵҲ˼ 
ǰ˭ֽ㳤ƯᡭС
ͦ˵һʱһ䣬Ҫ룬ҲԺ
ֽܺŮ׽ҲԿ 
ҲŲءֱӻؾ뺰û࣬Ằֽ㡣 
ʲᣬû㺰ְ.....ԣ֪ˣĪǶֽ
Ǹ˼ԲšŮ˵껹ĴָȻһ£Ƶ 
ѾͷϹ˵ɶء˵ʲ󵨵Ļæϵ
ﲻǴһСΪǽе͵Ƚ׳¡..Ҳ֪
ǲܿҵС˼ֻ˵ҪǲԸ⺰ĻǾ
ҵֺˡ 
еһѡ֡˵Сɸղ
۵⻹ûнһʱЩ 
ʱѾͷҲ˴ϣųԣ
ʱֿ˵ˣ뵽һ취 
ʲ취Һͬʱѯʡ 
ûֱ˵ǶһᣬȻЦֱЦ߿
ŪҺʱֹסЦ˵ 
ţͦģӦû⡣С˵һ䣬Ȼ
ʽڵ㿴ҪŮ˰ȥ㲻˵ǻ˻
ɵġҪȥмЭ 
ҺⲻаɡĿ֪Ǻ߻Ҫܾ 
ѾˣǿԼٰסȥͲ˻ˡ
ӦѭѭգҶΪ˿ֲģ԰ɡ 
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˵ֽʲǿȻǲ׵ģҲ̫ʲ
ǿǿġǽ˵ٰޣǶΪ顣 
ҵ֮ǿԺֶٰޣȻ׵ģ˵
ʱ˵ּҪѣֲġ
..ͦ䣬˻ɵġ.. 
һûһ˵ţȻ֪޷ܾŵģһ
Զ׼ģ˵ˣ΢΢ͷʾԡ 
˵ЩպðҲǳˣҿ˿ֱѾϾŵˣ
ʾ˯ˡ˵ĻҲ˵ˣ컹Ҫ죬ҲҪ
Ϣķ䣬뿪 
ֻҪ߳ʱʹ˵һ䣬Ժϴע㣬һ˰
ȫ 
ҵĻȻŮЩ㵣ֻЦֶֻÿɷ
һ¡ 
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ķֹȷȥ˽飬ȥðһЩƷ 
鲻Ǻֻܶ࣬СһЩ⹤ߣ԰飬ת
ȥ֮ǰĽֵȻ·Ů˰ԣŵ
ʱǾͺһʣ˶ѡ·оѣȻƾ
ǵнˮҪȥˡ 
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ʵҾãȻŮ̬ʾȹװ
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ϲ· 
ȱһʣƯޥģȹʺ㡣 
ҵĹάƺðҲǣòģ߶ȱ
˹άҪŮ˷ʲôһ 
Ůѡ·Ա߿šǻеģҵ
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һӡ˵۹⻹·ϣ˸⾫
һҵߣӢ 
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ĴС..ֽ۹ⲻ 
,Ųʧݡ 
׼˶Ҫʼ׼ˣ֮ǰҪȸֶס
طߺҲܳסˡҪٻǵİ·´˵·
еԶԺ϶಻㡣ѾˣǺ
֯кġһˣҪһ
ʧֱ֪Ǳò뿪
֮һǲ㡣 
ȷ㣬ߺ˵׼ºǰ˻Ȼǲ
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ȻҲһ㣬ѽ֮ǰ˭˵Ҫҽסšʱ
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˵ 
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ʱ򣬷ѡĺãȫ˵ͨûд
 
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Ȼֶ˳Щ˵ô̡ 
ҶֽһЩҪעⰲȫ飬ȥ緹ˡԷʱ
һЩ飬ҺѰ뱾ʵһֶ
鷴ˡ⣬һصӣֻųԷ 
˷ҺȻȥùݣȻȥӡ 
ʱһǮֶ𣬲ҪһСĵ㡣ֻЦЦҪ
Լĵ㡣Ȼᣬò뿪ʱս֮Уÿһй˶
Լκ͵ʵҲûʲôҪĵģϾǹ˵
㣬ֲ 
 
ֵûгˮľ󣬱Ͼڴսڼ䣬ҲûϺ
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ͦģưǷҸеĽͨߣʵͨ׽з
 ʱͣߣӦխĽֵӣԽ˽
ĿĵſڡΪ㣬ڳһЩ긻ǿƵ׳
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ߺһ·ϣֵĺ˷ܣʶŻ˵
ȥҵ֣±˲֪ǴʱĹϵһȻѾˣҲֻ
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ĸ磬ƤҲܰףֶȣ˵У
һֹǸ·ʱԲ˫ȴĿ貿ҿڣСŮζʮ
㡣˵ʵɫ̬ҲһĹˡ 
ڽһ·ҿһĵ꣬ȥһԿס
ĵ꣬һ㶼пԿ׵ķ֮ǰֻһԿףϿ
в㣬Ҫһѡ 
ҪŹֹˡԿֹҪĹ˸Կ
׵ĽṹùʹĥҪһЩʱ䣬ȵģ
ȥĿȹһҡŮ˶ϲЩ£ߵ棬ѡ
һλ£ҲŽȥԿס 
һˣͷɫñһе۾ǰ·
һΧࡣ˿ҵԿף˵˼۸񣬱ҵԿͷ
ΪҪһʱ깤˼űֽҿҵŴ
ʱ䡣ұ߹ȥһڿȵģڿԶ˽һЩ飬
װĵĿֽ˵ 
ƣɻӣкܾ˰ɡ 
ʮ˰ɡ..Һ˵춼ˡ
ģԿ׺ԭһʹжٴ¸У᲻
.. 
ĳϸ档˵ʵߵ·
ϼذ 
ϵ·ư˵׼ܵսӰ죬ڵĵӦš..
һ¶ϰ˵ǰˡ 
д绰ĵط𡣡ԺܻҪõ绰ĵط
 
תףһҴƵ꣬е绰ʹá 
װһῴ۱ֽһ弸ʻⱨֽ˵Ķй
ģ˵ձ½ڹϴ￨ζ⵽Ұܣʧս½һʦš
˵˹ָսվʼˡֽϵȻеԶ
ƺʵڣһæͷϵ飬һɶɶ 
ԿסҶԱſ£ﱵµĹκۣ
ԿûжĸǮ߳˵ҪȥǾҪ
߽ȹȥʱ򣬸ŲҷǰһŮˣ
˾Ȼ˵Ż 
Ҳ֪ڵûóȻ߹ȥߵ˶Թһλ¡
ʱҲңȴû˵еɻҲ
ʾҴʱҪ˵ 
Ů˵ЦĽ̸ţǰʶĳ
Բ״ֻ̬Ц˵̧ۿֱʱ䲻࣬ʾ
Ҫ̸Ҳҵ˼Ů˵һЩ
뿪߳ȥȻҲŸųȥ߳ȹݣûֱȥ
Ǹһ·ߵԱߡ 
鲻Ǻܺãûֱӿ˵ǴߵԱߵһ
Сɫŵ˵»ˣû㡣ִˡû
Լ˵ˡһʸղź˵Ů˭
ǵ֮ǰ˵ͬѧǸǰͬѧСӨû
ղҲȿȣˡ 
סô֪ĵʲôǲ
ʶϳȻ⡣ 
鷳ˣǨʱ͸Ű˹û
סӦòԶˣҺʶҪȥ
ĸ˵ҪȥҼ桭ѽҵʱһᱻ𴩡е
˵ 
ô죿 
Ҳ֪ôˡʱûͼ˵һ顣
ҡͬѧΪ˴󷽣ղȥ棬
žܾġҪ˵Ҳһᾭҡ.. 
֪ʲôˣҪ˵ҡĴڣĸ
ĸǱӦùȥԺٲ˶ǹġɧšҪǲ
˵Ժ˾Ͳýˡһ˲
Ҷᱩ¶ܻΣա⻹һ׮鷳飬Һܿ
뵽һð취 
ҸǱ߶˵˽̫̫ȥӣȻȥ..
Ѿƻ˵飬ܰ;ϰɡ˹ӡ 
šҲôģڿ̫ðˡ.Ǹ
ʲôð취𡣡ⶼ飬Ǹѯҽô
졣 
Ҫֶ㡣˵Լе룬ֻǼٰޡ
˾ͽˡ᲻ͬҵ뷨ֽһ䡣 
ĿǰҲֻˡȻģֻ 
ҿһֱղֹȥһʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˣھȥ
ưȥӦа취˵ֶͨ 
΢΢ͷʾͬ⣬ֻĩҪߵʱֹһ䣬ҿ
˰ɣĪϲ˰ɣһҪһ£ɱ
ܶ࡭..ˣԸˡ 
ûлش⣬ʱڲݵ֪
У·Сĵ㡣 
С˳Ҳſٵתȥ 
ĵӵʱˡݵλã֪ģԶԶ
Ϳڻưϣǰ˲Ǯ߳ȥҲȺп
ҡ 
Ҫ³Ҿӭȥ̲סȥǣ֣ı
ҺãȻִҸư˸ǮҵǶ
ʾܹ֮ϵ·߲ʱ˲Ŀ 
ʱֶĺۡһɫ֯¿ϲ
ӣ¶һƬ۵ļز߷ҫۣŵһƬ¡
һ˵鹵ʮ־ޡ 
һīɫ㣬ǽƵģ޳ʧ
У°ڸպøǹλã¶ƤԲβ
ƹ˼ҵĴС㣬ʮ㣬ƽʱʮ겻ֹ 
һͷصĳһÿķ٣Եø߹ţ޽Ǵ˼
鷢ڶ߷ֿ.ò˵ˣüĵ˫
̵ͦıӣСɺͣ΢Цʱ¶˵Сѡ·
һֱķԸС 
תһСұ¥䱻ʰĻɾ¥һŴ
һ¹¥һɳһӣ¥ݱһС䣬ڿ
ľΧһС緿˵豸ȫһ
һŮȻһҵӡ 
ĵص㲻ӣȻֵͷ˿ɳ
˳òǽһû״ʱأ¥ߣ¥
ĸߴܿ˿Ȼ˶¥ҺҲȥ
ղһϸļŴ͹ӡ 
Ǹ 
ꡣٺ˵ȥӰС˵Żָָ
ϵλá 
İױ̨µӰ˹Ȼ󿴵Ҫվȥ 
һյƣڣҲѾ뵽ʲôվ
ûзֱĶˣû¼ 
㶮ʲôСʹ괬˵ҿɲһ
͵ 
Ȼ̫ˣò˵Щطȷʵϵ֮
ִ¿˿Ҹ˵ڵԼĿ
λãŴָ..֪ģֹȥ
СʱʱۿѾҪˡ 
ȥԷ¥ 
ƬǮ˱Ƚ϶࣬¥ܿʱʱм
¶Ůˣһڳһ˵ƣһ͡Ƥ
Ůˣ϶˵׬ǮҪʱ䡣 
Ϊֶò˱⣬ȥС֣ĵ
.ЩŮ˺֪Ȥû߹·ȥֻ
һư·ͣ£ŵ 
ư°ˣͭϸӦûЩֱߵļŮǺ
һ㣬һʧˣΪ³ĻһŮˣҲŨױĨ
ܵĽ¥ʧҰ 
ЩСûӰҴʱ£Ȼ֡þ
һ֮ɿˣûкúܿȻûиղ
ˣһһġ 
ϱһЩ߲ĽˣżϾɵ
г·ߵĻư˲ͣĺţֵԹĹڷҡ
ҷҺһһҵţƽ 
ҳô񻹴ûк˭ʱڽϡ
ű˵ 
ŶҲþûˡͣһ£оֵֹġ 
ϲоãѵõİȻԵá..гζ
һû˵ڡ 
̸ϲֻǺܳһʱ䲻Сǹʲô䣬
ҶһʲôʱˣҲûйҲ˵׼
˵Ȼ 
ֽɡƳƳּȵϣһ
һģųԹĹжһɫһķҷһ
ǳ..ġһʱУҷֺڵ
պ񣬱гȤ֪ھǸ.
Թ 
㻹ЩҪңҡ 
Ȼǿ㣬ο㱾ͺƯ˻ӦҪĵ㣬𡣡
˵ʵһԣ壵ǳҵĻֻ
תͷ˿ңֱûд𻰣ǲÿɷ 
ûԺ󰡡 
Ժ󣿡 
սܻûԼԺô 
սܿģ˻нҪ֣ض
ִʡ 
˵ĲЩʵԼʲô㡣 
ԺԺ˵ɡȳԷ 
ϲҴ 
˶ӿʼߡҺǻڽ˱죬Ͽ
պһҹҽʲô뵽˽飬ʵ 
ţ 
쿪ʼǰҺʲôС㣬Ůʿߣְ̣
˵һƺһƤЦһ 
ҿ𡣡˵Ļص˳ͷŮζʮ㣬
ʹݷ˼ꡣҪУǻǴظɣһ
¾ʹˡӦý̫̫ 
̫̫ʲô 
ҵȻ.ѽʣ㿴̫ˡҽ㰡
롭ţͽС,СѽǳΪɡ涼
ֽз 
ҵ䲻⣬һﻹǺܸ
ģ²С 
һЩĻ˵̫Ը˵Щ
һûһĴ𻰣һһᱼţ׽͸ 
ϣֱߵķѾ˵ƣ·ߵѾˣĳ
·˼ҵ˵졣սӰ£նžһ·
Ǿһ˫۾ڶǣÿҲתͷؿʱ
ʲôûз֡ 
 
                               δ
 ʮ 
緹ҾͳȥˣҪȥᶫ׼һЩϵıƷΪ
ˣʵܼˣи˯ĵطͿԣŮⷽƺȽ鷳һЩ
ƷһЩ˽طĶȻʵЩҲҪģ
ҪҺС˵ҪģԶ΢ 
Զһڹ۲ԶĿӹѧܰԶСŽǰ
һʷŴʹ֮ڿռнϴŽǣʹ޷ۿֱ
ɱ档ΪרҵսõԶͨľԶвͬ
ﾵһЩռıֱֵͫöĹۣʹ۲
ԭİ塣 
΢Ǽųơ漼ķչ鱨Ҫڵ
ѾдСһʹƵĽΪϸС
ڴơȣ㷺鱨ѼȱǼ۸񰺹ΪҪ
ӦƷΪ鱨رƷͳӦҲл 
֮һҪҵ뱾ȻпҪЩ豸֮
ǰЩ֮ǰǰͺС˵ȥŪҲϣ
͸㵽ЩֻڽҵʱСرҪСʹ΢
Ūˡڴսڼ䣬ЩϡӦǺϡйء 
һãʰɨ˷ӵʱѾʮˡԼ
շ⣬û˵Ǯ£ǿ׵Ŀ̫̫Ưɲ
֪ҽ̫̫ŮȻ̫̫ˡ 
ֶʱĴţֻʱûϷ٣ǰһͷ˿
˱Ũںڵ緢ɫٲر
עĿҴϵڶ֪Ʋ˶ۡ 
̫̫Ư˵Сӣûͦ񣬼ֱ
Ƿ࡭׻˵ŮѽѾעǵĹϵ᲻
ͬѰǷޣĸշĸڱ㷢
ʲףס˻û˵еЦĽ˾䣬ⷿӴɨ
ɾ 
˵л˳ŷĻֶһۡԲԲģƤ
װ׵ģںڵ۾ʱˮİ⣬ǻ۵Цݡ
ַ˵ǳΪǶһ˫ƵĴ棬һ˫˿һ
üëĴһһֱһʱɢ
ϤиУԽоԽǿңԭ
ţֱ˵Һ֮ĹϵĲˣһʱʧ 
ҪզܳأϼҲ˵ҾסȰ¼޸
ҳֵһ£˵ŻңҪȷ
˵Ƿʵ 
˵Ȼұһʵ뵽׵ĻҲ˵ˣ
ˣæȥǮһν£µͨ
׼ˡ 
ӹǮֺˣѽˬ죬Сѽһ
ܰúϵˡ.ףһӡ 
˵Ҳģ⣬޹ӣɲ͵Ҫк𣬰
ҶôϣⲻݹҼҵϷڱҵģСձ
ӣǺòײŴӹ..ⲻհ𣬵Ժȶѽ
ҪӡֻҪҼ룬ҸСŮ˵˲
ײ죬ҶĻ⣬ҵȷҲû뵽Ҫ˵ʲô
ܵһػģֵĺܺã˵ĸһ 
󵨶ҵĻæתͷȥҪȥȷǲҪ
ӣֻҪϷһΪ˵⻰죬ҿʱ
ԹһƬɬ֮顣ֻǸãҲǮʱ֪Ȥ
¥뿪ˡ 
ΪհûãҲûչ 
ĳȶߵϺϾҪһЩⲢûӰǶ
飬ɫ°۵ͣ󣬲Զ¥ĵ
·ԶһԵá 
ҺֶݡʽҪ֤ģĩ
ʱˣֻڴ಻£Ҳڷ⽨檵Ӱ죬ֻ
˲Żȥ֤֪ⲻģǴֶˣΪҪɣ
Ҳûзԡ 
ڼķչԼڶӰ̶֪ȵˣйݷ
չٶҲУǴ˻Ǻܶģʱ򻹻Ŷ
Һֶľˡ 
ҵľҲܼҵģǨ֮󣬸иҵ˴ӿ룬
Ϊ˿ͣʹڲ˺ܴ󹦷򣬷Ѿ˼
еĻ㳡شڰᵽ⡣ 
յС·֪ΪĽ֤ȥ
Ⱥ򡣹һᣬһŮһˣҲĽ֤
յġߺСǽȥ 
һӣպùˣǰɫᣲԵķǼ֧
óֶһǵһĽ֤աС
ϣԽŶڴǰִ١ 
ǿЩż򡭡Ľ֤յģһ
ܽӺüԣҵľͶˡС粻Ųæİ 
ֽһЩִסСǰ
Ǽ֤ˣ޷ִҵĸͷһЩ°˳ƴ
ļ粿ϣǶȸպܿ͸ɢ
㣬ҵǰ˿ҪϡǴʱɰڳ
һܵơ 
ԡΪֵĺܺãžͷЦһ 
ҵֱ̲סսһ£ǿĸˡС
ķԸƶ¶ӦеЦ 
ƬȡΪǮǻƽʱϴĿ
һЩ 
ݵĴţǷֿҪȻȥԼҪȥ
һˡѾˣȻ֮ǰͼ˵ˣһĸ׵
ˣ⻹뿴˾Ǳûʲôµָʾ뻹ǻȥһ
ɡ 
սҪ뵽43꣬⼸սƺӰѾûô
ˣСӡֵȻƲϳˮ
Ⱥǲٵģֵ̺ͽͷ̯׷׽ưҲʱ· 
ƿүȵվƣȥгһͷһ㣬
ȥ·Ǻ«ıһС̴ȥԡ 
ϣˡ⺢ӣ֪Ҵˡһң÷
е˵˳ƸﲻǶ𡭡ң
õ 
ⲻнˮ𣬸үġһ߽ݹȥһ߻ص
þûԵķˮˡ 
úúãѸȻнˮˣҲһǮҪǮ
ԺҪá 
֪ˣ֪ˡڼ𣿡 
ˡ̸飬
ͲҪȥˡ 
ܾ÷˵ЩʱСұʵ
˭ôءҼҺҲûʲôѣʱ
׽ 
ѣʶ÷ЩŤĵס˻⡣ 
ã÷ȻԸ˵Ҳ˼ʣ˵С
𣿡 
÷ѿһǺ«ǸСģ¥Ϻ
ˣ˰ԵıǺ« 
ˣˡС̱¥˵涮£֪
ԵġĵĽӹԵģ˵ţȥˣôûؼҡ 
ҪæҼ˾Ļص 
Уƭ˭Źãæԭɣ
˵⡣ 
÷ѿɹܲЩѾƽӹŵϣߣȥ
￴үɣˮ㡣˵ȥˡ 
үʹˣĸȽŲ㣬үķһ¥ʱ
Ͽֽʱ䡣ǽݣûȵ˵ү
ȿˣãҸĸ׽ҿֽءˣ
۾̫ʹˣҿдʲôүָһһƬ߽ǵ
űֽ˹ 
ӦòʲôҪݣȻҲŰ浽۵ıֽأ
ҲСһЩѹү 
˵·ǱҪһ졣С̲ŲæĿ˵ 
ûˣүе졣 
ûˣЩⱨֽǹ˹ģܰѰ·ȥѾ
ˣֵ϶ʲôСе
˵ 
Ҳ˵Ǳֻ࣬ⲻǵİ´ڵ𡣡Һ
˵š 
ҲŶҪͺˡСڴ̾Ϣ 
ҲһϾء 
һᣬ÷ѾһķˡĸԷſ
˵ģǰĸں¥Ů˳һŹԼĪ
ʮӣһĲɣ飬ʹƺʵһЩ 
һ߰ɡ÷ѼŮ˵ 
ˣһ顣ŮһڻؾֻߵſʱͷҲص
˾䣬ôˣлл˵ЩȻš 
Ů˻ǹŹ֣ľͷҲ޸顣ֻΪҴʱ
үʼգֻûпҡ 
÷һòˣֻϧʱֻˡλ˾˶ڼң
󷿼Ҳʱյġһ߳Էһ˵ŽҪ飬
ȻҪ˵ĸæôؼңҡ 
үܿ˵ǸµģҪļֻܷ÷Ҳһ
ЦǺǵ˵㳤ˡֻĸͣĽעⰲȫĩ
˾˾ˣ 
ͱˣ㣬Ҳܲˡ˾˺
ǰæ飬˵ǸҪȥձǱ߲μһ
ʲôƨﱸᡣ 
ô֪顣 
飬ҺүҲ֪϶˵ġ
ͱˡ 
ãҲֵû˹ܡ 
˷үݣ÷ʰҼûˣţ
ȥֶʲôһ浣һˡ 
û뵽Ҹȥȴĸ׽¥Уĸ׺ٺô֣ص
̸飬Ȼĸӣϵȴʱ͸©УҵеǱ
˼ĸһǼһͱ˲ͬүǰ뱲Ӹɸ
䣬ǹ硣̳ӵ·ȴֵ˶
ѹ֣ҲֻҺСܹĿҡ 
ĸеǰһ̣Ȼվǰ˲ӣÿ˾
֪£ֻǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô 
ղλ˭ĸ׻û˵ҵȿˡ 
һλѡ 
ôûӹֵֹģҶǷһ
Һ˵ 
Сͷû˶ˡ֮ǰҾͺʶˣֻǺ
ϵ 
Ҽңʲô𣿡 
ǵ֮ǰᵽǸ..ĸ˵˴Ȼһ£
һֻƿ̣壵˵Ů 
ŶԭͻȻ֮ǰֶҲڴλ̵飬
᲻ҲͽŮʶѲҼһʲôԨԴǾ
Щʱĸֿ˵ˡ 
⼸죬˭һ飬ûмֶ𡣡 
Ȼ֪ĸΪɶҪǰһ治
˵ѡ 
м˵ĸױׯأټģֵһ̡
裬㿴ô 
ʲôԴʱֻ㵡 
Щ飬һֱû˵ֶǰͺʶ㸸ף
ǰѡ.û뵽ʷǰ
ʱǹʱڣСʱǼңҲ㣬ԣ
˵㻹Ӧýһ̲Ŷԡ. 
ĸ˵Щ飬Ӧһû֮ǰ飬Ȼôһ
ҲûУֵֻģôĸ״ûк˵֮
ҲûУ췢ĸ˵Щƺì֮ǼȻ綼
ʶΪʲôֱֵǳμ棬ⲻҸɻ֮Ĺϵ 
һЩ飬ȣԲűӡ.
ˣ˺˵λ̻ţСʱᾭ㡭
..ĸ˵꣬պһҲȼմ֪Щ飬˵еͻȻ
ȻǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ㡣 
ϼϴǻڶʮǰȴû
ɣϼֱ⣬ֻŪ飬һ޿ɱ⡭.
ͬ飬޷˵Щʲô˷ǣȥ˭
˭ǣȻϣĺӣһķپⳡ֮
ò˵Ǵ˽ĵģԸεҪֶ
衣 
ҵȻԸ⣬һ͹ˣôϱ衣ó
ĸȻ˵Ȼﻹеִġ仰Ȱο
˵Ǿ裬Ǹ裬ϵδҲ̫ˡο
ᣬֻ梣ô裬ະ̻ࡣ 
ֻ˵ֶ𣬵⼸ֶһ飬Ҳûкĸ˵
ʵǣŮ˻ࡣǷʱĸ˵ 
㶼ˣ˵ƽʱȥˣǳң
Ȼ˵ֻС꣬Сʱѹ㡭梡
ҽУҲЦʵ·ҽʲôҪģ
ֶǸƯŮˣµĵĻǷб뷨Բæǳ
 
ðɣĸ˵Ūֶ䣬ȻС
꣬ǽҲʮˣѹִ฾˵ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣӣˮӣ毺õģһͷ˿
ʵСʮ꣬Ҳѹһһֱٸ 
ҷ㶣軹Ϊ֪ˡˣ֪˾ͺãҲǷ
Ҫ˵ġ.ȻԸ裬Ǿ͵û˵ǣͷ
ôңһЩ໤㣬Ӧõġ 
ŮˣǵȻ¡ 
ѽͻǰˣƶ˵飬ĸ
˾ڹܲ㣬Ҫİȫһӣ
ҪעЩ.. 
İ裬Һء˵һͦ¶˽˶Ĺ⡣ 
ĸֻһ£οѾˡˣҲûʲô
ˣȥɡ 
ǾͲˡ˵˳ȥš 
ݷûнҪ¥ʱС̽סҡ 
һ¡С̴̽Դ±һС
ҡ 
ֻվûжֲһ䡣 
ұȻһˣסһ¥߽
뷿治ࡣҵĳҵоֹѰһ
Ҳ࣬оʱͺһЩеĶ
òףȴôұܻ䡣 
ʲô֪ʱҽʲôұ΢΢õʵ 
鰡ʶϼ𣿡 
ʶֲ֪˵һҾʶ 
ġ 
֮ڵĹŹ֣ȫΪʱ˸ĸĶ
ѵõˮ͸׵ģȴйطĶԻ 
˭Ǹ׵ġ 
ġĸ׻ص 
ˣ˭ 
ҿ㻹ˣŮǰϺʱǼң
𣿡 
ʱֵû˶ȥˣ֪˭˭ 
Ů˺ͱ˿ɲһǰǵĶ󣬻Ǽء 
Ŷˣɶš 
ϼ 
ԶԶԣˣϼĶʦ 
˵ˣĶйһΡ...֪Ҫ˵ɶɡ 
ѽһתۣʮˡˣ˵ʲ
ô 
ҿ㻹ͿˣһǼң˵Ϊɶ..
ʲڡ 
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ҺļҵĶԹѽѷˡ 
ˣҲ֪᲻Ҳˡ 
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һʱ˶˼ҵǺذС
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ЦҵĶЩУЦ˼ͽ򣬿
 
ңһֹֻĴҵļԭת˼Ȧε
ҲŽֻµģַؿƽһ
ǾøղŵΪ̫ܣŶƵľƿ۾
˹ȥ 
Ŀ⣬ҲתߡԶԶȥϾź̴
ͣҲİڶľ 
ѡǨǳɶЩģ춫Ȼ
ɽɽţһȻķϡֶ
ϿΣɹ˿أͨƷǳԣǳ֯ں
ʳ롣ΪЩԭ򣬽һ˺԰Ժ
֣Կ챻˺ܳʱ䡣 
ҿ˵˰죬©һءĴǽʯĵ̡ 
ǣ˵Ŀԣľϵҡ. 
ߣ˵Щɡ΢΢͸©
 
˵׷ԣһǸ˵õҪ׷ţ
Ҫ˸ղŵСȴ֪ô̫ڹʣһ
ȻһидɢϢܻһֲѹ
ȸУҲߴʤĸо 
⸽ʲôطѯţԶһŷĽ
 
ߣҴȥһĵطңﲻ
ѧڵҲɷ˵ǰȥ 
ѧ1933꣬ɲ԰Ǩڵĵַɳƺӣ˵һ
ѧ¥ѧԺ¥սѧ½ǨѧͰ
ѧϰѧ.ҿʼѧУʷ 
Ӧ֪ϹѧҲ뿴һãһ·
ǣֺǺǵЦ 
սӰµɪȣѧУѵõ֮ءʵҲѹ֣ʶ
ʼͣ¸ЩѧУĶˣνǹҵġ
˲šˣ ѧʣǷ绪ïӳⷽ٣Ǽ縺ŹҺ
ϣδ. 
ѧУǴѧǵϰߴΪ׼У 
ŮѧרŵУɫ°ɫӣ´ɫ
ȹӣȹΪ̵̣ϥϣŴһ˫ɫƤЬŮǶǶʮ
䣬ǵķҲȽͳһ̷βӣŨ
ܵ 
ÿ¿λ߷ѧʱУ԰ȺɫѧãҲһķ羰 
У԰·ϣ·ԣеŵİǽ߽ЩǰԺڣ
ҶƬ䵽ֳƬ;µҶ̾һ
·ȥ죬£Ŀ͸Ļƽɫ 
ЩŮѧȫͬߵ˶ȥۺɬɢ
ʣһһޱȳšٿǱزͰ˵
ģЩɱСŮɱȡ 
Һһ𣬺ΪĸѧŮʦ
ڴʦѧǾĽ۹⡣Ҳӭɷ۵Ŀ⣬
ȥСֶ 
ֱ˶üͷѧУʵ㡣 
סֶߴģҹǲУ԰
ǰҵش˵Ů֣ǸЬĹҲ١ 
ɱ߰ҵҲУ԰ˣǾЦ㣬Ҳֻ
۹⡭.. 
Ϲ˵ģܳɡ 
հʱǴѧģƾŵһ׺٣ѧ
õõһڣУ˲ţȻҵһˣ룬
У԰ҵͷкܶʶġ 
37꣬ѧ빤ҵרѧУǨ졣38꣬ɽѧ
ѧѧóأǰѧһʱ䣬Уʦ
ԴܺҲı£õУѧڵġ 
˵ĵ٣ǰʱΪףѧΪʡѧ
꣬ףϵʵУ衣 
ȻһòСϸ£ΪУѡ硣
ɢѧѧһʱѧԹصȻ
У԰˼룬˾ʵѶΪ֮ԳʱѧУ
ƺ͹滮֮ǰ޶£ʱȻ֮Ϊѧ 
ƾᵯ٣ѧþͿԳΪ˲š˵Щʵֶ
СƣֶŮѧУŮ֮Ƶģ뵽
ƿЦ 
ɱ˵һϣҺ㻹ͦġ.ʼվֶϣ
ʱҵϤиУ˻ĺأѧã
ѧֵġ 
Լ˵ôãҿҪ£ѧУͼ顣
֪Կ䣬Ҳ˳Լֶʱ׳˵Ŀġ 
˵˵ 
һΪֻ˵ģû뵽ȻģҴ
ͼݣһʶϹݳҪȻʱǰһѿ 
žѧܣһļڹѧԣ
һҶֻΪϲԼݣ
ûŮ˾ȻԹѧȤ 
Ҵ㵵ı£Ȼʹ˼Ϳˣ
һʮҲⱾ顣˵꽫ݸңһ
ı顣 
ҳ1930棬Ȼݲͬʲ
ôͬ𣬲ȴ˵⻹ǶҵĿ鰡 
ϹݳǸͷ׵ȥкʺã
˷۾ֱһᣬŷӦ˵ⲻСզֻˡ 
Ǩ󣬳ӱؽĿĸһίԱǣΪѧУ
ļ貹һ鼮Ϊԭϵҡⲻ
Ծ˳·ϡ 
Сӣô˵ǵͷ˵ֿ
ġļּ˵ôûо͸ҿɼǵ
һⱾ¡ 
ֻǡûȥŴͷһʱ俴ġֶԱߣ
֪ǰͿ飬һе㲻ڣ˵һͷת
Ǹ.ˣһ 1922ġҶ֪
ûС 
ֶע£ҽⱾȥ˿һۣŽӹ
飬ҳս˼ۡ 
ѽҪⱾ鰡ǿɾˡ.. ҲձǺ
ģÿһ汾鷢֪࣬ⱾҶֻ
3000ٴηУʮˡ..ղشĵطͲ࣬
ԭȫĹݲأֻͼ屾ǺΪըӰ죬
ʣ..˵ҲˣȻˣ
δ.. 
˵Ż۲ҺֶȻһ䣬ѣ 
ԶԣѣҲҪ.˵ֶ߿˿
ʾܹ֮ϵȴûзֶ쳣ֶ΢ı仯
 
λʲи˵Ż˸Ĵ
ָű㲻ӣˣԭ𻵵޸һ
£ǿɴճһͱұţȥһ¡ 
Сĵķ˻Ʋ¶һЩɢģȻ޸鱾
˹鱾ϵҳѾˣҳֽϣӡˢ
Ȼܿ壬СĵղŽ˰ 
úˣǵҪ黹һֱܴڹݳλá 
뿪У԰ǿʼظϣֻ;ȴҪȥ衣һ·ϣ
صģⱾ˵ʲôܣֻǲԸҶ˵ѡ
ȻϴεĽѵ˵ʲôҲһȥŤң
û취ֻһȥ 
ҺֶһŶζңû֮ǰǰ⡣ 
ǰ̨ţԼݡ 
СӨṩľⱾ飬Կǻڲ顣ֶ˵ţ
Сĸ裬ȻҪǵϼš 
ããⱾ飬źܿҳǱӰ񡣡 
һ飬Ǳ߿Ѿж´ж
ע㡣ֶ˽˵˵˳ 
Ǳߵ飬һὫĻת˵ֿﷺƵ
鼮˵飬Ҳ̫ż
ˣûнͿˡ. 
˵йأֶеɻ˳ 
ţҶ˵ˣǸӰصձ˴ɱ顭.ⶼ
ŵģ£ձΪճ̵Ĳٿɿ 
ձҪȳ 
˵ɲһСϺСз76αǱߵˣ
ղߣ齨Լϵձ˶Ҳִ򡣡 
ǽ˵ĺϷˡ 
ǵȻܲܳɣҪ졣˵
ͱˡʱذ´һˣɲɵʱ֪ͨġ
⻰˼Ǹ֯Լıԭ򣬸֪ʲô֪ʲôǹ涨
õġ 
һذ´ֶŽ 
ԣˡģҲڣҲþûˣȥ
˵˵ 
ǽҪʱڣҪҰֶΪ֯顣 
ܳɲɣ㣬СӨСӰǡ.ȥ
бҪҲ˼ѽԺͱͷ¶ˡ.. 
ǡ. 
ûпǣҲ֯ľͬ־Ƕ˽Լǰ
˵ڿսƿʼתҶ֪´Ǳ߸Ҫ㡣
迪ʼĩֶڵ˵ͷʾָʾ 
˵һ˵ͷСһô£ô˵㲻
ĺСӡ.˵Ҫ£ѯֻ˵ȴ˵
ˣȻֻҪǸ˶ĳҪ˵ʲô 
ֶԼҲ㲻ôϡͿķ˹ϵӽ
ֻǳŪԼ־һϤ
иУ޷뿪û뵽һһһʰ
ݻһֻεŮϵ 
һͨ׷ʣЩ޵ݣһʱɫЩѿ
֧ͺһżһ䣬Ķӡ. 
˵Ѿͷôܡ.ϴȻ˵ҪҸ
ңҲܷԼǣ˵ףĺӣɻء
.˵ŻĵͷֶüͷҲ֪Լ˵Ŀܹˣ㻺
˵ˣˣҲ˵ˣԼҪзִ磬ɻ
ءôģҪó˼ԣ
δȢҪһ 
ҡһ˵ġ.. 
Ǿͺã˵˾ͺáһҲףͼ
ȻϼûߵһۿžͱʮˡѰѰ.. 
ĺãǲֶ֪ìܣû˵ 
꣬Ҳѹ˵˵飬
ԼĽ취ҾͲˡ.ǵûҪһ
𣿡 
ֶлعʶҪһλصĳ٣·ϳ飬
ҲͲͷϵܵ裬ʱ
䳤᲻ȫ 
ǺãͲˣ·עⰲȫУ˺顣 
ƿСţһ˳ʱúô
вһȣСӵٺͻʱĶ 
ǰ緢ʵǸ˧Сӡǰζĳ
˵һ䣬ֶͽˣҪúñ 
̣ͷİɣڣ˭Ҳ˺. 
ǰĸף֮ǰķ곡Ϸ¶ֻ
˶ߵģŤ־ͳؿڴȴһסС֣
һ˳ƽ˶§ҵĻҾ§С
ųšһж 
ֱ˵ıӰԶȥҡҡͷ̾˿ԵԵ.. 
ǳұסĸѾˡ 
˰յ֣ҹôľҹԶǷǳ
Ȼҹյǡշ£¥ˮ
ǵƻУӨҹµԵЦ
¹ӡյĽ覡 
£ʱŮЦӵ˲ʱפ㣬̸ǿ
..㵸ĵŮ 
ֱһƬƮվȻСꡣóŵʱ˼
ȥҲ㣬С§ƹ
дĴҴˣȥ 
ͻȻļ 
Щ㻳 
ͻȻĽĽ 
Щ赹ŵ 
ļ 
û 
ܻ۾ 
紵ķ 
˸ð 
Ҹµļµ 
ұԭ 
ļ 
û 
ĸʫдˣ⾳ܺõϴ˾صе
ǲһ֪˿̻ʱ˾͸Ҫó
ڣȥס̽̽ 
ҲǱ˵ĿģֻҪСĵ㡣ҹ
ֵͲΪźš 
Ҷԣ¥СѣֻÿһعĻܡ 
Ŷ洫΢⣬ʹԼõֱ۳ĵطպܹ
Ӱڻ谵У֮Сڻ˿Ļᱻ˷֡ 
ܶ澡һЩŵѧ鼮Ӱڷλ
Ǳ˾ûзʲôɵ飬ǰַ
ͷȻ˼öԪ 
źͷߵǰ˹šüһ·ͦ࣬
ȻмŮ˵ġŪԵĺۼַֻ˷·
ʧǣȻһ޷֡ 
ɨ˼֮ҿʼĻôҪĶҲ
Я˻߲ٴ˵أҪ˳ȥȴһƲ䣬һ̻
ףҵע⡣ 
̻ҸмѩѵͷͷֽճɻҽĺۼҶʱ
ȤȻԱߵϣһŲдİֽ˾ϲǣ滹Ǧ
ּҸæֽֽСĵ˿ڴ.. 
˳ˮܵСĵ¶Ūʲô
ǽڽֵ棬պǰ濴˵ظҪߣȴһ
ס 
ұǽСĵԱ˼˿ģȻ˺һ
˳ֽýһѵءҹǲ֪
Աˮܵͨ¥ϣʹ˹Ӻӡ 
ҿС꣬¥ĺһƬҪȻ˺пܻ
Ҵ棬ٶ֪Ǹ֣Ҫ棬ûܸ
Ҿһ󱳷 
ڣѾӴ˽ȥҳյڣҲϽ˳
ǽ˳ȥ˼ӣҲżװģĵĴӽֿ
¥ݴߡ
  
                             δ
ڶʮ 
¥ݾͷţ˰ȴû˷ӦҲһţæͳڴԿ׻æš 
ֹţҲһҷɶŮˣȻڲϴ衣ҷڣû뵽ɺãһϴҵˡ 
ŷѾʪ˴룬ºˣҸɴҲϴɡ 
̵ţұſڣƿ˰ŷ죬Դ˽ȥ 
ɵСѾ·ëʪˮãСﻹ˽С 
㷢ʱˮʪڼͷͬһӻ߳һ㡣 
ǰʱµڵһԴ鷿ǰͦ¡һŵĻȣˮϢܿСɵӣ㡣 
ʱңûзҵߣȴܹѩ׵ĴƨɣԼ˫ӰֵһĨڲݴԣʣŮ壬ɢջ˵һ档 
ټΪˮʹǵϴһĨĺΣԵԸ֮⼯ʥԸΪһľ棬Ҳôסˣ˫Ŀ¶ԶȵĿ⣬һգҲգöǰλŮ 
һֱͷ͵ңʵֶֽʪëȥĶǽŷ쿪ĸˣ֡ҲһֳƺŮ֮Ȥұ 
ѽֶʧɫҴëϵҪλȥڡΪ˻е⣬ŭʲôʱġֻϧʵ̫ˣһëסǰɫֱֻ̧ۺǰǿ֧ţëǵشȥ 
æһᣬвѩ¶˳СߺĿҪγˮǵѽȥѾʪʱֻŲɫĸŲæĻصҸջͿϴˡұ߻ػ߼ɨ˶毺õˣ˿ûлرܵ˼ 
ҲǰƣֱյСåȥ 
̫ˣԺͿˣٿֶɴ۾һʱеңٲȥˡŻĵ飬ĳˡԣֳʶŮζȻ׳СΪԼƿ˵Ĺ켣ڿɫƺѾղˡ 
ܻӭ̬ȣĽʲôɫҺٺٵЦһϴòã 
ֶϲһ죬ȻѾϵԼǰʵֻǸӶѡɷûһϴ裬Լô˼һϴ裿 
Ҫŭʱ򣬷ǰ˶ѾˣֻΪԼ˵л⣬Ƕ˵ɳᣬҺܿͳˡ 
صɳϣҿϵ·صһƿСţЦһҽϴ裡 
ֶϲӿ˴ƬĺΣΪСåΪԼĺ֣û뵽ĸҴ˽ɻˡʱ壬׵ĸθߴȻУûжٷ 
ɳϵ¼ֶ֪ǰʲôĳ 
ԡԣһ߳ѰĵطĺһϴĻ·ֶţԼ̲סį¶ûûһ棬ǹ̬İһ۵˭Ҫûİæˣϴˡ 
Щ̰ƺҪԼȥĿ⣬˶ﲻֻţĵðһ۵ʲô㻹ϴҪȥˡ˵ӹҹһ˯¾ҪҴԡҡ 
߰Ҫȥʱҳ˻ԡֺűߣȥĿﻵЦϴһºòã 
²Խ˵ԽֶæޣҲŲϴ 
𰡣㿴ҽô࣬͵ǽһˡǿʹʹ˿ơ 
Ȼ˵ĺܵȴûţְ̧Źˣջ˫֣¶ļϣһŲǰ¶Ž壬ŲŲ 
ʱĺܽҵıϢȫɢ㣬ΪͷҪҲ䣬ߵĻŲᣬС㶼ôһˣҪ˼Ұæϴ裬治ɧֶĺСӺϣֳŮ˻Ҳֻסǰ˵ˡ 
ڴӦҪϴ裬ʮֿ˻æþգýվ 
ֶĨŮ˵Ť󣬽һֻѩëΧԼ˶һԴ̫ˣǰĹĵĵط·ʱëſ̶ǰëֽͷ˾㷢һ̶סŵһУſʼˮˮˮ 
˼ţˮ£һ˫Сʱᣬʱ³ϸ 
ǰһӣСһҸ˫ͬĺǻ֪Լͺĸ־ӣСʱĴ󲿷ʱ÷ڴҡ룬Ҳûͬ㱻ĸо 
һͨȫ³ǸͦĴ⣬Ѿˮϴһ顣Сֺ۾ҵиֱӣҲ˵ϷȤһطҲҪϴϴ˵һͦ˿縹϶̵ĸˡ 
Ȼ֪ҵ˼Ľһ䣬ޣǵطԼϴ޳ܵĵͺףϴһ°ɡ̬ȴܼϴ 
Ȼĵˣһκòããֽ㡭ŤС޶ԣҼǽ̣һξͺðǽ 
ϴСӡǽҹ̣ҲϴֶԴתһߣһΪӡ 
ҪأϴɾС 
㡭ԷƵѹȣĻңһСĿҪγˮǧ򲻸ãóʱ͵͵ϴ裬Ͱɾȥϴ裬û뵽ȴŪɳ׾뻢ˡ 
ϴҲҪ׳Լ壬˼˶ò¸߸ϵΣʾЭһ˫СֺĴŴȻŸ崦 
¸˵¶Ȼֶƶһ½Ӵǣ˻ȥΪ飬һֱصֻһᣬ¶İŴִİȥ 
໡ˬĶ˶ҵŮСָϴͣˬֱг 
ȴͬ裬ȻҹͷϵİƤԵϴһ¡ 
ۣ㡣 
㲻ʵ 
˵˵Ȼһ£ȴûֹͣĶʵʵĸϴŵһִֻˮﲻͣˮҵϣȻһֻסҵߣΪŮˣҲֻٸβ֪ôϴӡ 
ΪĺܽǰķӣһëҵıϵĶʱἷѹĦҵ塣ӱ¶Ⱥ͸ожϳ˶Ӻϣҵʮ㡣°ͽҵļ򣬳ɢ㣬ϴҵĺʹ̵ʹһȦ 
ԴͿҵļͷٲͷùҵƤģתͷȥ 
Ҫתֻ˶ŵսﻹæӵСӣҪ̫֣һɷˣϴֵطʵ˷绯ûֱ 
ǿֻס̵ֲڵİƤץʱʱ۴ֺ˵ļɷӵǡôҲͿԶȹΣյĽ죬ԼͿԽˣܰһһţǼӿߣٶȡ 
ԵܸܵС֣ҵյĸˡСһûйֳԣԭֻ־Ϳ˶·ΪҴһƬءҵޱȼ飬ӲĹͷҲ߰ޱȣ֪ԼҪˣߴٵҺҪˣٿһ㡭»һߣĶҲ֮ǰˣﻹ˵˴˽СģĻӱšﻵģͺˡܵ˴̼žʹ˾أ˳໡ܲˣˡ 
һһɵŨܾҺۼֱԡϷΪԭڿһɫĻߣһЩϣĺֱȫǡ 
ѽˡ֪ĲʶͿȫҵľҺŷӦ˻ȥϧǰɫҺ岻ˮǰ㣬ĨҲĨ˦Ҳ˦ֻǰëϲȥ 
ͷСֵʱ̣ĵһ§˻ǰĺϣҵҲʱ䴩ǰһԱ֮ϡ 
еһ̵ĹӶϣ˶ּæƾﻹ߽е˵ֱһִֻҵĴϲҵǰһȥĴץϵɫ֡ 
ֻƾܣȴվȽŸֻһһҵһԴ鷿ϣŽŲǰƵǽߡֻջشϵ֣ǽϡһҴֳƨɷˡ 
Ҽǽ޿ˣĻعͷ̰۾ĿңһƬӺɬ 
ûи˵ʱ䣬ȵĿУұĺ촽ȥ 
Ͷסĺ촽ұͷ۵Ĵһ¡ 
˶Ĵ껹ֻһ򣬱㳹񴽡 
СȻѱҺݺݵƷһǾòſڰƬۻ㴽˱ţͬʱͷ˹ȥҪС죬ȴű౴ݡ 
ֶס캬ס˴ֱҡͷ˦ȴ˶ַס˲Ѳֻܽͣôǲϰſ롣 
ͷûҲżŮˣǵζҷ·ǵõʲôĶһ㣬ͷ˶صŪš 
סСͬʱҵҲûֹͣɧţվϥĦֶĴȣضκҰ彻ƣһһＷ 
ҵһͨ¼й£˶ĺ฾˵һֵŮҲɬıԽĶˡ 
ҵһֻڲʵǰ⿪ǰëϵһȦɫëһɿȻ䵽˵ϣû˲Ƭڵ֮Ĵ΢΢ﵯһסһ̵ͦһ¡ 
еĲλ⵽ϮŮɾһһҲһֱŵСһſˡûзŹѵõĻᣬͷ˲С죬ҵ۵࣬þ 
ͻ˷ߣֶС౻³ĵסһͨ˴ԴͶͣԼΪܵҧһ˶ʱ򷴵ûˣŮཻĸоʵ̫̰Ķһ巢ֻðڶͷɬûӦ 
û뵽ĽǼɾһû̫ľ飬ֻǱ׾ĻӦᴥҵ⡣һΪΪ˸ڼ䣬ЩŮ֮£ȻȻء 
ҪôɷܣҪôɷ뿪̫ˣ˶ϵĶദеʵδ״̬ 
⵹ɾͱˣһҪлĸǿǣܹӦˣúõȥϵĶദصشаͷһǱǺӲ϶ҲܿƵģ͵վֱֱö󣬶һǰһƣǶֱӵôĶĹϪ 
˶ڱĿǴԼĿο֮УȻоԼ汻һӲסˣȻһϲûʲô飬ϾǹˣȻ֪ʲôɵЩĻҡ 
ѲֻͬȻѹ̵İƵԼ֮󰮵ζԣҸǣеַȻҲĪﾹЩʪˡ 
ֶЩ£Ҳ˲ϴཻĿ⡣һŤԴң⻹Щ˵˰ɣǶҲ׹ˡҳȥɡ˵Żǰ壬ԱǸҵĶ߳ϡ 
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